Brotes tumorales como factor pronóstico en el cáncer de cabeza y cuello
Palabras clave:
brotes tumorales, cáncer de cabeza y cuello, pronóstico, supervivenciaResumen
Introducción: El cáncer de cabeza y cuello es un problema de salud mundial, la recurrencia o recaída incrementa la mortalidad, por lo cual se identifican nuevos factores pronósticos, como los brotes tumorales.
Objetivo: Describir el desarrollo y la relevancia de los brotes tumorales como factor pronóstico en cáncer de cabeza y cuello.
Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos, EMBASE, Cochrane y Scopus, así como la plataforma PubMed. Se emplearon términos del Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) como estrategia de búsqueda, se tuvieron en cuenta los artículos publicados entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2024, en idioma español e inglés. Se revisaron un total de 193 artículos y se seleccionaron 63 para el análisis: artículos de revisión (8) y artículos originales (47), libros de texto (3), sitios web (2) y guías de diagnóstico y tratamiento (3).
Desarrollo: Los brotes tumorales, definidos como agrupaciones de células tumorales localizadas en el frente invasivo del tumor, pudieran representar un marcador de agresividad tumoral en el cáncer de cabeza y cuello. Se clasifican en grados, y se asocian con características como la diseminación ganglionar y la invasión vascular. Los brotes se consideran factores pronósticos y predictivos claves, ya que se vinculan a un mayor riesgo de recurrencia y metástasis, contribuyen así a evaluar el pronóstico y a tomar decisiones terapéuticas.
Conclusiones: La supervivencia en el cáncer de cabeza y cuello depende de factores clínicos y anatomopatológicos como la presencia de brotes tumorales, que están asociados a un pronóstico desfavorable.
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