Apoyo psicológico para testigos en procesos penales relacionados con la guerra

Autores/as

Palabras clave:

crimen violento; crímenes de guerra; estrés postraumático; psicología forense; trastornos por estrés

Resumen

Introducción: La importancia del apoyo psicológico para los testigos de guerra radica en la necesidad de proteger su salud mental y recopilar pruebas fiables para que los perpetradores rindan cuentas ante la justicia.

Objetivo: Evaluar un modelo integrado de apoyo psicosocial, que combina la terapia racional emotiva conductual (TREC) y la terapia de danza movimiento (TDM), para reducir los síntomas del trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) y mejorar la regulación emocional en testigos de crímenes de guerra.

Métodos: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 100 sujetos. El grupo experimental recibió el modelo integrado de apoyo psicosocial, con técnicas de TREC y TDM; el grupo de control recibió atención psicológica estándar. Los datos se recopilaron mediante autoinformes, al inicio y después de la intervención. Se utilizó un análisis de varianza (ANOVA) de diseño mixto para evaluar las diferencias en la reducción de síntomas entre los grupos.

Resultados: El análisis estadístico mostró reducciones significativamente mayores en los síntomas centrales del TEPT, la hiperactivación y la disociación en el grupo experimental en comparación con el grupo de control. La reducción del nivel promedio de disociación alcanzó el 35 % en el grupo experimental, lo cual se confirmó mediante un indicador de alta eficacia (tamaño del efecto grande ηp2= 0,21).

Conclusiones: El modelo integrado de apoyo psicosocial parece ser una intervención prometedora y apropiada para el contexto. Estos hallazgos sugieren que implementarlos en entornos humanitarios y de justicia internacional puede favorecer la recuperación de la salud mental y la integridad de las pruebas forenses.

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Publicado

18.05.2026

Cómo citar

1.
Yavorska L, Mukhina G, Kryvoshlykov S, Masliuk A, Sobkova S. Apoyo psicológico para testigos en procesos penales relacionados con la guerra. Rev. cuba. med. mil [Internet]. 18 de mayo de 2026 [citado 20 de mayo de 2026];55(2):e026077177. Disponible en: https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/77177

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Artículo de Investigación