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Caracterización epidemiológica y terapéutica de pacientes con fracturas maxilofaciales tratadas durante la COVID-19
Resumen
Objetivo: Caracterizar desde el punto de vista epidemiológico y terapéutico a los pacientes con fracturas maxilofaciales tratadas en un hospital universitario cubano en el contexto de la COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación observacional, descriptiva y transversal. Se estudiaron: Edad, sexo, la procedencia, tipos de fracturas, lateralidad, número de trazos, localizaciones anatómicas, etiologÃa, tratamiento, dÃa de la semana y el mes del trauma. La información se obtuvo mediante el interrogatorio, el examen clÃnico y estudios radiológicos. Como medidas de resumen se utilizaron frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes.
Resultados: Se estudiaron a 54 pacientes, con predominio del sexo masculino (90,7 %). El grupo de edad más representado fue el de 21-40 años. Las principales etiologÃas fueron la violencia interpersonal y las caÃdas. Se diagnosticaron 151 trazos de fracturas con una media de 2,8 fracturas por paciente. Tuvieron fracturas del complejo cigomático-maxilar 32 pacientes (59,3 %). El ángulo y la parasÃnfisis mandibular fueron las localizaciones anatómicas más afectadas. Las fracturas del complejo cigomático-maxilar fueron tratadas mediante métodos conservadores (50 %), mientras que la reducción cerrada (57,1 %) fue la principal modalidad terapéutica utilizada en las fracturas mandibulares.
Conclusiones: Predominan los pacientes masculinos, con edades entre la quinta y sexta décadas de la vida, afectados por fracturas del complejo cigomático-maxilar.
Palabras clave
Referencias
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