Riesgo de suicidio en militares

René Ocampo-Ortega

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Resumen

Introducción: El suicidio en los militares es un fenómeno en incremento. La mortalidad por suicidio en militares ha superado en los últimos años a la mortalidad por combate o accidentes. Se realizó una revisión documental de las publicaciones en formato digital e impreso, tanto nacional como extranjero, disponible principalmente a través de Google académico, Scielo y PubMed, en los idiomas español e inglés. 
Objetivo: Profundizar en el estudio de la epidemiología y los factores de riesgo asociados al riesgo suicida en militares. 
Desarrollo: Se han reportado prevalencias a lo largo de la vida de ideación suicida entre un 13,9 % y 14,1 %, de planeación suicida entre el 2,3 % y 5,3 % e intento de suicidio entre el 1,9 % y 2,4 % en militares. La tasa de mortalidad por suicidio en militares norteamericanos se ha estimado en 18,5 por cada 100 000 personas/año, lo cual representa la segunda causa de muerte en dicha población. 
Conclusión: Se considera prioritario mejorar la detección y vigilancia médico-psicológica de los militares en el servicio activo y facilitar su acceso a los servicios de salud mental disponibles para detectar a tiempo factores de riesgo modificables para el suicidio.

Palabras clave

suicidio; ideación suicida; intento de suicidio; conducta autolesiva; parasuicidio; militares.

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