Riesgo de suicidio en militares
Palabras clave:
suicidio, ideación suicida, intento de suicidio, conducta autolesiva, parasuicidio, militares.Resumen
Introducción: El suicidio en los militares es un fenómeno en incremento. La mortalidad por suicidio en militares ha superado en los últimos años a la mortalidad por combate o accidentes. Se realizó una revisión documental de las publicaciones en formato digital e impreso, tanto nacional como extranjero, disponible principalmente a través de Google académico, Scielo y PubMed, en los idiomas español e inglés.
Objetivo: Profundizar en el estudio de la epidemiología y los factores de riesgo asociados al riesgo suicida en militares.
Desarrollo: Se han reportado prevalencias a lo largo de la vida de ideación suicida entre un 13,9 % y 14,1 %, de planeación suicida entre el 2,3 % y 5,3 % e intento de suicidio entre el 1,9 % y 2,4 % en militares. La tasa de mortalidad por suicidio en militares norteamericanos se ha estimado en 18,5 por cada 100 000 personas/año, lo cual representa la segunda causa de muerte en dicha población.
Conclusión: Se considera prioritario mejorar la detección y vigilancia médico-psicológica de los militares en el servicio activo y facilitar su acceso a los servicios de salud mental disponibles para detectar a tiempo factores de riesgo modificables para el suicidio.
Descargas
Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.
Citas
1. Iniciativa SUPRE: Prevención del Suicidio, Un Instrumento para Médicos Generalistas. Organización Mundial de la Salud. 2000; 4-19. [acceso: 16/01/2016]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/mental_health/media/general_physicians_spanish.pdf
2. Olfson M, Blanco C, Wall M, Liu S, Saha T, Pickering R, et al. National Trends in Suicide Attempts Among Adults in the United States. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017[acceso: 02/12/2017.];74(11):1095-1103. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2652967
3. Nock M, Deming C, Fullerton C, Gilman S, Goldenberg M, Kessler R, et al. Suicide Among Soldiers: A Review of Psychosocial Risk and Protective Factors. Psychiatry. 2013[acceso: 31/05/2017];76(2);97-125. Disponible en: https://guilfordjournals.com/doi/10.1521/psyc.2013.76.2.97
4. Kuehn B. Soldier suicide rates continue to rise: military, scientists work to stem the tide. JAMA. 2009[acceso: 16/01/2016];301(11):1111-1113. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/183574
5. Ritchie E, Benedek D, Malone R, Carr-Malone R. Psychiatry and the military: an update. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2006[acceso: 16/01/2016];29(3):695-707. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0193953X06000517-?via%3Dihub
6. Nock M, Stein M, Heeringa S, Ursano R, Colpe L, Fullerton C, et al. Prevalence and correlates of suicidal behavior among soldiers: results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). JAMA Psychiatry. 2014[acceso: 31/05/2017];71(5):514-522. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/1835339
7. Ursano R, Heeringa S, Stein M, Jain S, Raman R, Sun X, et al. Prevalence and correlates of suicidal behavior among new soldiers in the US Army: results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). Depress Anxiety. 2015[acceso; 30/05/2017];32(1):3-12. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/da.22317
8. Schoenbaum M, Kessler R, Gilman S, Colpe L, Heeringa S, Stein M, et al. Predictors of Suicide and Accident Death in the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Service members (Army STARRS): results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Service members (Army STARRS). JAMA Psychiatry. 2014[acceso: 11/07/2016]; 71(5):493-503. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/1835337
9. Kessler R, Heeringa S, Stein M, Colpe L, Fullerton C, Hwang I, et al. Thirty-Day Prevalence of DSM-IV Mental Disorders Among Nondeployed Soldiers in the US Army Results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Service members (Army STARRS). JAMA Psychiatry. 2014[acceso: 11/07/2016];71(5):504-513. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/1835338
10. Rosellini A, Heeringa S, Stein M, Ursano R, Chiu W, Colpe L, et al. Lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV mental disorders among new soldiers in the U.S. Army: results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Service members (Army STARRS). Depress Anxiety. 2015[acceso: 12/09/2016];32(1):13-24. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/da.22316
11. Nock M, Ursano R, Heeringa S, Stein M, Jain S, Raman R, et al. Mental Disorders, Comorbidity, and Pre-enlistment Suicidal Behavior Among New Soldiers in the U.S. Army: Results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2015[acceso: 31/05/2017];45(5):588-99. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/sltb.1215.
12. Kimbrel N, Meyer E, Debeer B, Gulliver S, Morisette S. A 12-month prospective study of the effect of PTSD-depression comorbidity on suicidal behavior in Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans. Psych Res. 2016[acceso: 3/05/2017];243(sep):97-99. Disponible en: https://www.clinicalkey.es/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S0165178116300671?returnurl=null&referrer=null
13. Reinkober D, Coleman M, Cable S. Military families under stress: implications for family life education. Fam Relat. 2003[acceso: 31/05/2017];52(3):279-287. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2003.00279.x
14.Vythilingam M, Nelson E, Scaramozza M, Waldeck T, Hazlett G, Southwick S, et al. Reward circuitry in resilience to severe trauma: an fMRI investigation of resilient Special Forces soldiers. Psychiatry Res. 2009[acceso: 7/02/2017];172(1):75-77. Disponible en: https://www.clinicalkey.es/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S0925492708000917?returnurl=null&referrer=null
15. Ursano R, Kessler R, Stein M, Naifeh J, Aliaga P, Fullerton C, et al. Suicide Attempts in the US Army During the Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, 2004 to 2009. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015[acceso; 31/07/2017];72(9):917-926. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2368741
16. Hawton K, Houston K, Haw C, Townsend E, Harris L. Comorbidity of Axis I and Axis II disorders in patients who attempted suicide. Am J Psych. 2013[acceso: 13/03/2016];160(8):1494-1500. Disponible en: https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.8.1494
17. Kimbrel N, Newins A, Dedert E, Van Voorhees E, Elbogen E, Naylor J, et al. Cannabis use disorder and suicide attempts in Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans. J Psych Res. 2017[acceso: 23/09/2017];89 (jun):1-5. Disponible en: https://www.clinicalkey.es/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S0022395616302102?returnurl=null&referrer=null
18. Boden M, Babdon K, Vujanovic A, Short N, Bon-Miller M. Posttraumatic stress disorder and cannabis use characteristics among military veterans with cannabis dependence. Am J Addict. 2013[acceso; 13/03/2016];22(3):277-284. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2012.12018.x
19. Carr R. When a Soldier commits suicide in Iraq: impact on units and caregivers. Psychiatry. 2011[acceso: 27/06/2016];74(2):95-106. Disponible en: https://guilfordjournals.com/doi/10.1521/psyc.2011.74.2.95
20. Ursano R, Kessler R, Naifeh J, Mash H, Fullerton C, Bliese P, et al. Risk of suicide attempt among soldiers in army units with a history of suicide attempts. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017[acceso: 03/10/2017];74(9): 924-31. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2645496
21. Hamza C, Stewart M, Willoughby T. Examining the link between nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior: a review of the literature and an integrated model. Clin Psychol Rev. 2012[acceso: 3/12/2016];32(6):482-495. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272735812000669?-via%3Dihub
22. Kimbrel N, Gratz K, Tull M, Morissette S, Meyer E, De Beer B, et al. Non-suicidal self injury as a predictor of active and passive suicidal ideation among Iraq/Afghanistan war veterans. Psych Res. 2015[acceso: 3/05/2017];227(2-3):360-362. Disponible en: https://www.clinicalkey.es/#!/content/pla-yContent/1-s2.0-S0165178115001560?returnurl=null&referrer=null
23. MacGregor A, Shaffer R, Dougherty A, Galarneau M, Raman R, Baker D, et al. Prevalence and psychological correlates of traumatic brain injury in Operation Iraqi Freedom. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2010[acceso; 3/04/2016];25(1):1-8. Disponible en: https://insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00001199-201001000-00001
24. Bryan C, Clemans T. Repetitive Traumatic Brain Injury, Psychological Symptoms, and Suicide Risk in a Clinical Sample of Deployed Military Personnel. JAMA Psychiatry. 2013[acceso: 27/08/2016];70(7):686-691. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/1688032
25. Richard-Devantoy S, Berlim M, Jollant F. A meta-analysis of neuropsychological markers of vulnerability to suicidal behavior in mood disorders. Psychological Medicine. 2014[acceso: 11/11/2017];44(8):1663-1673. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291713002304
26. Naifeh J, Nock M, Ursano R, Vegella P, Aliaga P, Fulleron C, et al. Neurocognitive function and suicide in U.S. Army soldiers. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior. 2017[acceso: 11/11/2017];47(5):589-602. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/sltb.12307
27. Mann J, Arango V, Avenevoli S, Brent D, Champagne D, Clayton P, et al. Candidate endophenotypes in genetic studies of suicide behavior. Biological Psychiatry. 2009[acceso: 11/11/2017];65(7):556-563. Disponible en: https://www.biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com/article/S0006-3223(08)01480-7/fulltext
28. Street A, Gilman S, Rosellini A, Stein M, Bromet E, Cox K, et al. Understanding the elevated suicide risk of female soldiers during deployments. Psychol Med. 2015[acceso: 13/08/2017];45(4):717-26. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329171400258X
29. Leardmann C, Pietrucha A, Magruder K, Smith B, Murdoch M, Jacobosn I, et al. Combat deployment is associated with sexual harassment or sexual assault in large, female military cohort. Women´s Healt Issues. 2013[acceso: 13/08/2017];23(4):215-23. Disponible en: https://www.whijournal.com/article/S1049-3867(13)00038-8/fulltext
30. Miller M, Barber C, White R, Azrael D. Firearms and suicide in the United States: is risk independent of underlying suicidal behavior? American Journal of Epidemiology. 2013[acceso: 10/01/2016];178(6);946-955. Disponible en: https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/178/6/946/111054
31. LeardMann C, Powell T, Smith T, Bell M, Smith B, Boyko E, et al. Risk factors associated with suicide in current and former US military personnel. JAMA. 2013[acceso: 31/05/2017];310(10):496-506. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/1724276
32. Reger M, Smolenski D, Skopp N, Metzger-Abamukang M, Kang H, Bullman T, et al. Risk of Suicide Among US Military Service Members Following Operation Enduring Freedom or Operation Iraqi Freedom Deployment and Separation From the US Military. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015[acceso: 31/05/2017];72(6):561-569. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2211891
33. Cavanagh J, Carson A, Sharpe M, Lawrie S. Psychological autopsy studies: a systematic review. Psychological Medicine. 2003[acceso: 23/11/2017];33(3):395-405. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12701661
34. Nock M, Dempsey P, Aliaga P, Brent D, Heeringa S, Kessler R, et al. Psychological autopsy study comparing suicide decedents, suicide ideators, and propensity score matched controls: results from the study to assess risk and resilience in service members (Army STARRS). Psych Med. 2017[acceso: 23/11/2017];47(15):1-12. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717001179
35. Luxton D, Trofimovich L, Clark L. Suicide risk among US Service members after psychiatric hospitalization, 2001-2011. Psychatr Serv. 2013[acceso 31/05/2017];64(7):626-629. Disponible en: https://ps.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ps.201200413
36. Chung D, Ryan C, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Preet-Singh S, Stanton C, Large M. Suicide rates after discharge from psychiatric facilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017[acceso: 11/11/2017];74(7):694-702. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2629522
37. Kessler R, Warner C, Ivany C, Petukhova M, Rose S, Bromet E, et al. Predicting suicides after psychiatric hospitalization in US Army soldiers: the Army Study To Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). JAMA Psychiatry. 2015[acceso: 31/05/2017];72(1):49-57. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/1935484
38. Castro C, Kintzle S. Suicides in the military. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2014[acceso: 21/01/2016];16(8):460. Disponible en: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11920-014-0460-1
39. Iversen A, Nikolaou V, Greenberg N, Unwin C, Hull L, Hotopf M, et al. What happens to British veterans when they leave the armed forces? Eur J Public Health. 2005[acceso: 13/01/2016];15(2):175-184. Disponible en: https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/15/2/175/567104
40. Ilgen M, Bohnert A, Ignacio R, McCarthy J, Valenstein M. Psychiatric Diagnoses and Risk of Suicide in Veterans. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010[acceso; 16/01/2016];67(11):1152-1158. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/210919.
41. Iniciativa SUPRE: Prevención del Suicidio, un Instrumento en el Trabajo. Organización Mundial de la Salud. 2006;4-16. [acceso: 16/01/2016]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/resource_-work_spanish.pdf.
42. Hoge C, Castro C, Messer S, McGurk D, Cotting D, Koffman R. Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care. N Engl J Med. 2004[acceso: 13/12/2017];351(1):13-22. Disponible en: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa040603
43. Burnam M, Meredith L, Tanielian T, Jaycox L. Mental health care for Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans. Health Aff. 2009[acceso: 13/12/2017];28(3):771-782. Disponible en: https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.28.3.771
44. West J, Wilk J, Duffy F, Kuramoto J, Rae D, Mosicki E, et al. Mental Health acceso and Quality in the Army: Survey of Mental Health Clinicians. Journal of Psychiatric Practice. 2014[acceso: 13/12/2017];20(6):448-459. Disponible en: https://insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00131746-201411000-00005
45. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Suicide prevention among active duty Air Force personnel - United States 1990-1999. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 1999[acceso: 13/12/2017];48(46):1053-1057. Disponible en: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4846a1.htm
2. Olfson M, Blanco C, Wall M, Liu S, Saha T, Pickering R, et al. National Trends in Suicide Attempts Among Adults in the United States. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017[acceso: 02/12/2017.];74(11):1095-1103. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2652967
3. Nock M, Deming C, Fullerton C, Gilman S, Goldenberg M, Kessler R, et al. Suicide Among Soldiers: A Review of Psychosocial Risk and Protective Factors. Psychiatry. 2013[acceso: 31/05/2017];76(2);97-125. Disponible en: https://guilfordjournals.com/doi/10.1521/psyc.2013.76.2.97
4. Kuehn B. Soldier suicide rates continue to rise: military, scientists work to stem the tide. JAMA. 2009[acceso: 16/01/2016];301(11):1111-1113. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/183574
5. Ritchie E, Benedek D, Malone R, Carr-Malone R. Psychiatry and the military: an update. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2006[acceso: 16/01/2016];29(3):695-707. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0193953X06000517-?via%3Dihub
6. Nock M, Stein M, Heeringa S, Ursano R, Colpe L, Fullerton C, et al. Prevalence and correlates of suicidal behavior among soldiers: results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). JAMA Psychiatry. 2014[acceso: 31/05/2017];71(5):514-522. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/1835339
7. Ursano R, Heeringa S, Stein M, Jain S, Raman R, Sun X, et al. Prevalence and correlates of suicidal behavior among new soldiers in the US Army: results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). Depress Anxiety. 2015[acceso; 30/05/2017];32(1):3-12. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/da.22317
8. Schoenbaum M, Kessler R, Gilman S, Colpe L, Heeringa S, Stein M, et al. Predictors of Suicide and Accident Death in the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Service members (Army STARRS): results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Service members (Army STARRS). JAMA Psychiatry. 2014[acceso: 11/07/2016]; 71(5):493-503. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/1835337
9. Kessler R, Heeringa S, Stein M, Colpe L, Fullerton C, Hwang I, et al. Thirty-Day Prevalence of DSM-IV Mental Disorders Among Nondeployed Soldiers in the US Army Results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Service members (Army STARRS). JAMA Psychiatry. 2014[acceso: 11/07/2016];71(5):504-513. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/1835338
10. Rosellini A, Heeringa S, Stein M, Ursano R, Chiu W, Colpe L, et al. Lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV mental disorders among new soldiers in the U.S. Army: results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Service members (Army STARRS). Depress Anxiety. 2015[acceso: 12/09/2016];32(1):13-24. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/da.22316
11. Nock M, Ursano R, Heeringa S, Stein M, Jain S, Raman R, et al. Mental Disorders, Comorbidity, and Pre-enlistment Suicidal Behavior Among New Soldiers in the U.S. Army: Results from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2015[acceso: 31/05/2017];45(5):588-99. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/sltb.1215.
12. Kimbrel N, Meyer E, Debeer B, Gulliver S, Morisette S. A 12-month prospective study of the effect of PTSD-depression comorbidity on suicidal behavior in Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans. Psych Res. 2016[acceso: 3/05/2017];243(sep):97-99. Disponible en: https://www.clinicalkey.es/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S0165178116300671?returnurl=null&referrer=null
13. Reinkober D, Coleman M, Cable S. Military families under stress: implications for family life education. Fam Relat. 2003[acceso: 31/05/2017];52(3):279-287. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2003.00279.x
14.Vythilingam M, Nelson E, Scaramozza M, Waldeck T, Hazlett G, Southwick S, et al. Reward circuitry in resilience to severe trauma: an fMRI investigation of resilient Special Forces soldiers. Psychiatry Res. 2009[acceso: 7/02/2017];172(1):75-77. Disponible en: https://www.clinicalkey.es/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S0925492708000917?returnurl=null&referrer=null
15. Ursano R, Kessler R, Stein M, Naifeh J, Aliaga P, Fullerton C, et al. Suicide Attempts in the US Army During the Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, 2004 to 2009. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015[acceso; 31/07/2017];72(9):917-926. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2368741
16. Hawton K, Houston K, Haw C, Townsend E, Harris L. Comorbidity of Axis I and Axis II disorders in patients who attempted suicide. Am J Psych. 2013[acceso: 13/03/2016];160(8):1494-1500. Disponible en: https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.160.8.1494
17. Kimbrel N, Newins A, Dedert E, Van Voorhees E, Elbogen E, Naylor J, et al. Cannabis use disorder and suicide attempts in Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans. J Psych Res. 2017[acceso: 23/09/2017];89 (jun):1-5. Disponible en: https://www.clinicalkey.es/#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S0022395616302102?returnurl=null&referrer=null
18. Boden M, Babdon K, Vujanovic A, Short N, Bon-Miller M. Posttraumatic stress disorder and cannabis use characteristics among military veterans with cannabis dependence. Am J Addict. 2013[acceso; 13/03/2016];22(3):277-284. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1521-0391.2012.12018.x
19. Carr R. When a Soldier commits suicide in Iraq: impact on units and caregivers. Psychiatry. 2011[acceso: 27/06/2016];74(2):95-106. Disponible en: https://guilfordjournals.com/doi/10.1521/psyc.2011.74.2.95
20. Ursano R, Kessler R, Naifeh J, Mash H, Fullerton C, Bliese P, et al. Risk of suicide attempt among soldiers in army units with a history of suicide attempts. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017[acceso: 03/10/2017];74(9): 924-31. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2645496
21. Hamza C, Stewart M, Willoughby T. Examining the link between nonsuicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior: a review of the literature and an integrated model. Clin Psychol Rev. 2012[acceso: 3/12/2016];32(6):482-495. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0272735812000669?-via%3Dihub
22. Kimbrel N, Gratz K, Tull M, Morissette S, Meyer E, De Beer B, et al. Non-suicidal self injury as a predictor of active and passive suicidal ideation among Iraq/Afghanistan war veterans. Psych Res. 2015[acceso: 3/05/2017];227(2-3):360-362. Disponible en: https://www.clinicalkey.es/#!/content/pla-yContent/1-s2.0-S0165178115001560?returnurl=null&referrer=null
23. MacGregor A, Shaffer R, Dougherty A, Galarneau M, Raman R, Baker D, et al. Prevalence and psychological correlates of traumatic brain injury in Operation Iraqi Freedom. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2010[acceso; 3/04/2016];25(1):1-8. Disponible en: https://insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00001199-201001000-00001
24. Bryan C, Clemans T. Repetitive Traumatic Brain Injury, Psychological Symptoms, and Suicide Risk in a Clinical Sample of Deployed Military Personnel. JAMA Psychiatry. 2013[acceso: 27/08/2016];70(7):686-691. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/1688032
25. Richard-Devantoy S, Berlim M, Jollant F. A meta-analysis of neuropsychological markers of vulnerability to suicidal behavior in mood disorders. Psychological Medicine. 2014[acceso: 11/11/2017];44(8):1663-1673. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291713002304
26. Naifeh J, Nock M, Ursano R, Vegella P, Aliaga P, Fulleron C, et al. Neurocognitive function and suicide in U.S. Army soldiers. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior. 2017[acceso: 11/11/2017];47(5):589-602. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/sltb.12307
27. Mann J, Arango V, Avenevoli S, Brent D, Champagne D, Clayton P, et al. Candidate endophenotypes in genetic studies of suicide behavior. Biological Psychiatry. 2009[acceso: 11/11/2017];65(7):556-563. Disponible en: https://www.biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com/article/S0006-3223(08)01480-7/fulltext
28. Street A, Gilman S, Rosellini A, Stein M, Bromet E, Cox K, et al. Understanding the elevated suicide risk of female soldiers during deployments. Psychol Med. 2015[acceso: 13/08/2017];45(4):717-26. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329171400258X
29. Leardmann C, Pietrucha A, Magruder K, Smith B, Murdoch M, Jacobosn I, et al. Combat deployment is associated with sexual harassment or sexual assault in large, female military cohort. Women´s Healt Issues. 2013[acceso: 13/08/2017];23(4):215-23. Disponible en: https://www.whijournal.com/article/S1049-3867(13)00038-8/fulltext
30. Miller M, Barber C, White R, Azrael D. Firearms and suicide in the United States: is risk independent of underlying suicidal behavior? American Journal of Epidemiology. 2013[acceso: 10/01/2016];178(6);946-955. Disponible en: https://academic.oup.com/aje/article/178/6/946/111054
31. LeardMann C, Powell T, Smith T, Bell M, Smith B, Boyko E, et al. Risk factors associated with suicide in current and former US military personnel. JAMA. 2013[acceso: 31/05/2017];310(10):496-506. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/1724276
32. Reger M, Smolenski D, Skopp N, Metzger-Abamukang M, Kang H, Bullman T, et al. Risk of Suicide Among US Military Service Members Following Operation Enduring Freedom or Operation Iraqi Freedom Deployment and Separation From the US Military. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015[acceso: 31/05/2017];72(6):561-569. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2211891
33. Cavanagh J, Carson A, Sharpe M, Lawrie S. Psychological autopsy studies: a systematic review. Psychological Medicine. 2003[acceso: 23/11/2017];33(3):395-405. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12701661
34. Nock M, Dempsey P, Aliaga P, Brent D, Heeringa S, Kessler R, et al. Psychological autopsy study comparing suicide decedents, suicide ideators, and propensity score matched controls: results from the study to assess risk and resilience in service members (Army STARRS). Psych Med. 2017[acceso: 23/11/2017];47(15):1-12. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291717001179
35. Luxton D, Trofimovich L, Clark L. Suicide risk among US Service members after psychiatric hospitalization, 2001-2011. Psychatr Serv. 2013[acceso 31/05/2017];64(7):626-629. Disponible en: https://ps.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ps.201200413
36. Chung D, Ryan C, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Preet-Singh S, Stanton C, Large M. Suicide rates after discharge from psychiatric facilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2017[acceso: 11/11/2017];74(7):694-702. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2629522
37. Kessler R, Warner C, Ivany C, Petukhova M, Rose S, Bromet E, et al. Predicting suicides after psychiatric hospitalization in US Army soldiers: the Army Study To Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS). JAMA Psychiatry. 2015[acceso: 31/05/2017];72(1):49-57. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/1935484
38. Castro C, Kintzle S. Suicides in the military. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2014[acceso: 21/01/2016];16(8):460. Disponible en: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11920-014-0460-1
39. Iversen A, Nikolaou V, Greenberg N, Unwin C, Hull L, Hotopf M, et al. What happens to British veterans when they leave the armed forces? Eur J Public Health. 2005[acceso: 13/01/2016];15(2):175-184. Disponible en: https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/15/2/175/567104
40. Ilgen M, Bohnert A, Ignacio R, McCarthy J, Valenstein M. Psychiatric Diagnoses and Risk of Suicide in Veterans. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010[acceso; 16/01/2016];67(11):1152-1158. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/210919.
41. Iniciativa SUPRE: Prevención del Suicidio, un Instrumento en el Trabajo. Organización Mundial de la Salud. 2006;4-16. [acceso: 16/01/2016]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/resource_-work_spanish.pdf.
42. Hoge C, Castro C, Messer S, McGurk D, Cotting D, Koffman R. Combat duty in Iraq and Afghanistan, mental health problems, and barriers to care. N Engl J Med. 2004[acceso: 13/12/2017];351(1):13-22. Disponible en: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa040603
43. Burnam M, Meredith L, Tanielian T, Jaycox L. Mental health care for Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans. Health Aff. 2009[acceso: 13/12/2017];28(3):771-782. Disponible en: https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/10.1377/hlthaff.28.3.771
44. West J, Wilk J, Duffy F, Kuramoto J, Rae D, Mosicki E, et al. Mental Health acceso and Quality in the Army: Survey of Mental Health Clinicians. Journal of Psychiatric Practice. 2014[acceso: 13/12/2017];20(6):448-459. Disponible en: https://insights.ovid.com/crossref?an=00131746-201411000-00005
45. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Suicide prevention among active duty Air Force personnel - United States 1990-1999. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 1999[acceso: 13/12/2017];48(46):1053-1057. Disponible en: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4846a1.htm
Publicado
31.01.2020
Cómo citar
1.
Ocampo-Ortega R. Riesgo de suicidio en militares. Rev Cubana Med Milit [Internet]. 31 de enero de 2020 [citado 17 de febrero de 2025];49(1):157-74. Disponible en: https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/363
Número
Sección
Artículo de Revisión
Licencia
Aquellos autores/as que tengan publicaciones con esta revista, aceptan los términos siguientes:- Los autores/as conservarán sus derechos de autor y garantizarán a la revista el derecho de primera publicación de su obra, el cual estará simultáneamente sujeto a la Licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons. Los contenidos que aquí se exponen pueden ser compartidos, copiados y redistribuidos en cualquier medio o formato. Pueden ser adaptados, remezclados, transformados o creados otros a partir del material, mediante los siguientes términos: Atribución (dar crédito a la obra de manera adecuada, proporcionando un enlace a la licencia, e indicando si se han realizado cambios); no-comercial (no puede hacer uso del material con fines comerciales) y compartir-igual (si mezcla, transforma o crea nuevo material a partir de esta obra, podrá distribuir su contribución siempre que utilice la misma licencia que la obra original).
- Los autores/as podrán adoptar otros acuerdos de licencia no exclusiva de distribución de la versión de la obra publicada (p. ej.: depositarla en un archivo telemático institucional o publicarla en un volumen monográfico) siempre que se indique la publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y recomienda a los autores/as difundir su obra a través de Internet (p. ej.: en archivos telemáticos institucionales o en su página web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, lo cual puede producir intercambios interesantes y aumentar las citas de la obra publicada.
