El impacto de la inteligencia emocional de los líderes militares en la gestión de crisis en tiempos de guerra
Palabras clave:
bienestar psicológico, gestión de recursos de personal en salud, inteligencia emocional, regulación emocional, resiliencia psicológica, asunción de riesgos.Resumen
Introducción: El uso de estrategias eficaces de gestión de las emociones, alta resistencia al estrés y voluntad de asumir riesgos, son cruciales para la gestión exitosa de crisis en tiempos de guerra.Objetivos: Estudiar el grado de impacto de la inteligencia emocional de los líderes militares, sobre la eficacia de la gestión de crisis en tiempos de guerra.
Métodos: Se aplicaron: Cuestionario emocional, Cuestionario de resiliencia psicológica de los militares de las Fuerzas Armadas de Ucrania en condiciones de hostilidades, Escala de calificación de reajuste social, Prueba de propensión al riesgo de Schubert. Para el procesamiento estadístico se utilizó análisis descriptivo y análisis de regresión.
Resultados: Se encontró que la inteligencia emocional determina la estabilidad psicológica (R²= 0,746, β= 1,36), la resistencia al estrés (R²= 0,721; β= 3,80), la disposición al riesgo (R²= 0,746; β= 2,29), es decir, contribuye a la gestión de crisis eficaz.
Conclusiones: La inteligencia emocional es un requisito previo para el desarrollo de la estabilidad psicológica, la resistencia al estrés y la preparación para el riesgo, que garantizan la eficacia de la toma de decisiones de liderazgo en tiempos de guerra. Los líderes con alta inteligencia emocional son capaces de actuar de forma más eficaz en situaciones de crisis.
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25. Kovtunyk І, Ishchenko Y, Yuvsechko Y, Tychyna V, Datso Т. Social changes that occurred on the European continent due to the War in Ukraine, Lessons Learned or History Repeating? [Internet]. Rev Cercet Interv Soc. 2023; 82:38-49. DOI: 10.33788/rcis.82.3
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27. Zhylin М, Mendelo V, Makarenko S, Samara O, Ishchenko Y. Peculiarities of the impact of psychotropic substances on the development of emotional intelligence of drug addicts [Internet]. Univers J Public Health. 2023; 11(5):593-602. DOI: 10.13189/ujph.2023.110507
2. Zhylin M, Makarenko S, Kolohryvova N, Bursa A, Tsekhmister Y. Risk factors for depressive disorders after coming through COVID-19 and emotional intelligence of the individual [Internet]. J Intellect Disabil Diagn Treat. 2022; 10(5):248-58. DOI: 10.6000/2292-2598.2022.10.05
3. Aguilar S, George В. A review of the linkages between emotional intelligence and leadership in the military forces [Internet]. Business Ethics Leadersh. 2019; 3(2):29-38. DOI: 10.21272/bel.3(2).29-38.2019
4. Coronado-Maldonado І, Benítez-Márquez MD. Emotional intelligence, leadership, and work teams: A hybrid literature review [Internet]. Heliyon. 2023; 9(10):e20356. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20356
5. Lahodzinskyi VV, Shevchuk OV. Application of emotional intelligence skills by a military leader in adjusting internal communications [Internet]. Habitus. 2022; 41:255-261. DOI: 10.32782/2663-5208
6. Pasko К, Motruk Т. The features of mobilized military personnel's stress resistance [Internet]. Psychol J. 2019; 5(12):72-85. DOI: 10.31108/1.2019.5.12.5
7. Garcia Zea D, Sankar S, Isna N. The impact of emotional intelligence in the military workplace [Internet]. Hum Resour Dev Int. 2020; 26:1-17. DOI: 10.1080/13678868.2019.1708157
8. Drigas А, Papoutsi С, Skianis С. Being an emotionally intelligent leader through the nine-layer model of emotional intelligence - The supporting role of new technologies [Internet]. Sustain. 2023; 15(10):8103. DOI: 10.3390/su15108103
9. Kokun O, Pischko І, Lozinska N. Differences in military personnel's hardiness depending on their leadership levels and combat experience: An exploratory pilot study [Internet]. Mil Psychol. 2023; 35(6):603-10. DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2022.2147360
10. Bekesiene S, Smaliukienė R, Kanapeckaitė R. The relationship between psychological hardiness and military performance by reservists: A moderation effect of perceived stress and resilience [Internet]. Healthc. 2023; 11(9):1224. DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11091224
11. MacEwan D, Gibson А. Emotional intelligence in military medical officers in the Defence Medical Services [Internet]. BMJ Mil Health. 2023; 169(6):554-8. DOI: 10.1136/bmjmilitary-2021-002068
12. Lebeck BW, Chighizola NR. Emotional intelligence and its effect on performance outcomes in a leadership development school [Internet]. J Values-Based Leaders. 2018; 11(2):15. DOI: 10.22543/0733.62.1223
13. Kozáková Е, Saliger R. The role of emotional intelligence in direct leadership in the army of the Czech Republic [Internet]. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis. 2019; 67:265-73. DOI: 10.11118/actaun201967010265
14. Krymets L. Leadership as a special form of power in the modern military professional environment [Internet]. Bulletin of National Defense University of Ukraine. 2019; 50(2):51-8. DOI: 10.33099/2617-6858-2018-50-2-51-58
15. Díez F, Martinez-Moran Р, Aurrekoetxea-Casaus М. The learning process to become a military leader: Born, background and lifelong learning [Internet]. Front Educ. 2023; 8. DOI: 10.3389/feduc.2023.1140905
16. Flood А, Keegan RJ. Cognitive resilience to psychological stress in military personnel [Internet]. Front Psychol. 2022; 13:809003. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.809003
17. Oden KB, Lohani М, McCoy М, Crutchfield J, Rivers S. Embedding emotional intelligence into military training contexts [Internet]. Procedia Manuf. 2015; 3:4052-4059. DOI: 10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.976
18. Crosby RS. Effect of emotional experiences on emotional intelligence among U.S. military leaders [Internet]. [Ph.D. Theses]. Minneapolis, MN: Walden University; 2017. [access: 01/12/2023]. Available from: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2965
19. Jeppesen D. Emotional intelligence and military advisors [Internet]. J Sci Med Sport. 2017; 20(suppl 2):S71. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.605
20. Nakkas С, Annen Н, Brand S. Psychological distress and coping in military cadre candidates [Internet]. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016; 12:2237-2243. DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S113220
21. Coughlin Е. Fostering resilience: leader strategies and practices for overcoming adversity in military organizations [Internet]. [Doctoral Theses]. Malibu, CA: Graduate School of Education and Psychology; 2018 [access: 01/12/2023]. Available from: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/etd/913/
22. Schutte NS, Malouff JM, Hall LE, Haggerty DJ, Cooper JT, Golden CJ, Dornheim L. Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence [Internet]. Pers Individ Dif. 1998; 25(2):167-177. DOI: 10.1016/S0191-8869(98)00001-4
23. Holmes TH, Rahe RH. The Social Readjustment Rating Scale [Internet]. J Psychosom Res. 1967; 11:213-218. DOI: 10.1016/0022-3999(67)90010-4
24. Schubert R, Brown M, Gysler M, Brachinger HW. Financial Decision-Making: Are Women Really More Risk-Averse? [Internet]. The American Economic Review. 1999; 89(2):381-5. Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/117140
25. Kovtunyk І, Ishchenko Y, Yuvsechko Y, Tychyna V, Datso Т. Social changes that occurred on the European continent due to the War in Ukraine, Lessons Learned or History Repeating? [Internet]. Rev Cercet Interv Soc. 2023; 82:38-49. DOI: 10.33788/rcis.82.3
26. Durham MRP, Smith R, Cloonan S, Hildebrand LL, Woods-Lubert R, Skalamera J, et al. Development and validation of an online emotional intelligence training program [Internet]. Front Psychol. 2023; 14:1221817. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1221817
27. Zhylin М, Mendelo V, Makarenko S, Samara O, Ishchenko Y. Peculiarities of the impact of psychotropic substances on the development of emotional intelligence of drug addicts [Internet]. Univers J Public Health. 2023; 11(5):593-602. DOI: 10.13189/ujph.2023.110507
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Publicado
17.05.2024
Cómo citar
1.
Ishchenko Y, Yevchenko I, Masliuk A, Myronets S, Potapchuk Y. El impacto de la inteligencia emocional de los líderes militares en la gestión de crisis en tiempos de guerra. Rev Cubana Med Milit [Internet]. 17 de mayo de 2024 [citado 4 de abril de 2025];53(2):e024043640. Disponible en: https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/43640
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