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Tratamiento del cáncer de pulmon portador de la mutación del receptor del factor de crecimiento epidérmico
Resumen
Introducción: El cáncer de pulmón es un problema de salud en el mundo. En el carcinoma de pulmón de células no pequeñas se han identificado la presencia de una serie de alteraciones moleculares entre ellas, la mutación del receptor del factor de crecimiento epidérmico.
Objetivo: Describir el desarrollo y evolución de la terapia con inhibidores tirosina quinasa para el tratamiento de pacientes con carcinoma de pulmón con mutación del receptor del factor de crecimiento epidérmico.
Métodos: Se consultaron las bases de datos, EMBASE, Cochrane y Scopus, así como la plataforma PubMed. Se emplearon términos del Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), se tuvieron en cuenta: Artículos publicados entre el 2014 y el 2023, en idioma español e inglés. Se revisaron un total de 183 artículos y se seleccionaron 52: Artículos de revisión (16) y artículos originales (36), libros de texto (2) y guía de diagnóstico y tratamiento (2).
Desarrollo: El descubrimiento de este gen fue seguido del desarrollo de fármacos inhibidores de la tirosina quinasa, que han permitido evidenciar una mayor eficacia en los pacientes portadores de dicha mutación, en comparación con la quimioterapia, lo cual inició una nueva era en el tratamiento del cáncer de pulmón. A pesar de las excelentes tasas de respuestas y supervivencia la mayoría de los pacientes, desarrollan resistencia adquirida, después de una mediana de supervivencia de 12 meses de iniciado el tratamiento.
Conclusiones: El desarrollo de terapias dirigidas a la mutación del receptor del factor de crecimiento epidérmico, cambió el estándar de tratamiento de los pacientes con cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas, que expresan dicha mutación.
Palabras clave
Referencias
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