Visión actual del diagnóstico y manejo clínico restaurativo de lesiones por abfracción
Resumen
Objetivo: Describir los aspectos y consideraciones reportadas en la actualidad acerca del diagnóstico y tratamiento de las lesiones de abfracción.
Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura científica en 5 bases de datos utilizando los siguientes descriptores de búsqueda en inglés y español: abfracción, lesiones cervicales no cariosas, diagnóstico, manejo.
Desarrollo: La abfracción se presenta como lesiones en forma de cuña, principalmente en dientes anteriores y premolares. El diagnóstico requiere una evaluación minuciosa de los factores predisponentes y características clínicas. El tratamiento busca restaurar la anatomía y función del diente, así como eliminar los factores causales. El principal desafío es lograr un sellado óptimo entre la restauración y el diente en el margen cervical, lo cual puede ser afectado por factores como la carga oclusal excéntrica, pérdida de retención, caries secundaria y decoloración. Es crucial adoptar medidas complementarias para eliminar los agentes causales y garantizar la longevidad de las restauraciones.
Conclusiones: Un diagnóstico basado en un examen clínico y la identificación de factores etiológicos es fundamental para un correcto abordaje terapéutico. Es necesario fijar un plan de tratamiento que no solo permita devolver la anatomía, función y estética a un órgano dentario, sino eliminar el factor causante de esta afección.
Palabras clave
Referencias
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