Current view of the diagnosis and restorative clinical management of abfraction lesions
Keywords:
dental materials, diagnosis, tooth enamel, tooth wear, treatment.Abstract
Introduction: Abfraction is a type of injury characterized by the pathological loss of dental tissue associated with biomechanical loads that cause bending and degradation by chemical fatigue of the enamel and dentin outside the point of load of the tooth.Objective: To describe the aspects and considerations currently reported about the diagnosis and treatment of abfraction injuries.
Methods: A scientific literature search was conducted in 5 databases using the following search descriptors in English and Spanish: abfraction, non-carious cervical lesions, diagnosis, management.
Development: Abfraction presents as wedge-shaped lesions, mainly in anterior teeth and premolars. Diagnosis requires careful evaluation of predisposing factors and clinical features. The treatment seeks to restore the anatomy and function of the tooth, as well as eliminate the causative factors. The main challenge is to achieve an optimal seal between the restoration and the tooth at the cervical margin, which can be affected by factors such as eccentric occlusal loading, loss of retention, secondary caries, and discoloration. It is crucial to take complementary measures to eliminate causative agents and ensure the longevity of restorations.
Conclusions: A diagnosis based on a clinical examination and the identification of etiological factors is essential for a correct therapeutic approach. It is necessary to establish a treatment plan that not only allows the anatomy, function, and aesthetics to be restored to a dental organ, but also eliminates the causative factor of this condition.
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