Tuberculosis, a re-emerging disease and its impact as a threat to public health
Keywords:
disease attributes; emerging communicable diseases; infections; pathological processes; public health; tuberculosisAbstract
Introduction: Tuberculosis is a widely distributed infectious disease that remains a public health challenge due to difficulties in diagnosis and treatment.
Objective: To analyze social and public health factors contributing to tuberculosis spread and to propose strategies for intervention, timely diagnosis, and treatment.
Development: Poverty, malnutrition, overcrowding, and human immunodeficiency virus infection facilitate transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Approximately 25% of the world population is estimated to be infected. Tuberculosis may present as pulmonary or extrapulmonary disease, with manifestations including chronic cough and involvement of organs such as kidneys, brain, and lymph nodes, generating conditions of varying severity.
Conclusions: Effective control requires comprehensive policies integrating health promotion, prevention, timely diagnosis, treatment, and strengthening of health systems and resources.
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