El pez cebra como biomodelo en oncología, aplicaciones en la evaluación de terapias y vectores génicos
Palabras clave:
modelo biológico; pez cebra; oncología; terapias genéticasResumen
Introducción: El pez cebra (Danio rerio) se ha consolidado como un modelo biológico fundamental en medicina experimental y oncología, gracias a su elevada homología genética con humanos (82 % en genes asociados a enfermedades), transparencia embrionaria y facilidad de manipulación genética.
Objetivo: Revisar el papel del pez cebra en la investigación oncológica, su aplicación para el estudio de la progresión tumoral y relevancia en áreas innovadoras, como las terapias genéticas.
Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica actual, analizando estudios que emplean al pez cebra como modelo en oncología. Se descartaron estudios sin validación experimental relevante, artículos de opinión sin base empírica, o investigaciones que no establecían correlación con modelos de cáncer humano.
Desarrollo: La transparencia del modelo y el desarrollo de líneas transgénicas facilitan la observación directa y el seguimiento de células tumorales. En terapia génica, el pez cebra ha sido instrumental para probar y optimizar sistemas de transferencia de genes terapéuticos, tanto virales como no virales. Además, su uso en estudios preclínicos ha permitido validar terapias innovadoras, como células CAR-T y estrategias de edición genómica con CRISPR/Cas9, aceleran el desarrollo de tratamientos dirigidos.
Conclusiones: El pez cebra constituye un modelo vertebrado clave para la oncología, permite visualizar en tiempo real la progresión tumoral y la interacción con el microambiente, a la vez que su alta factibilidad para la edición génica lo posiciona como una plataforma central en el desarrollo de terapias génicas innovadoras.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Thalía Sánchez Miralles, Sheyla Fernández Puentes, Kamila Morín Fanego, Yenia Aldana Mulet, Dianelys Cabrera Márquez, Anabel Cisneros Campo, Sonia García Lago, Silvia García Viamonte, Luis Arturo Fonseca-Fonseca, Jorge Berlanga Acosta, Ché Serguera, Yanier Nunez-Figueredo
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