Hyperimmune gammaglobulin and its application in the COVID-19 pandemic
Keywords:
antibodies, communicable diseases, convalescent plasma therapy, COVID-19, immunity, neutralizingAbstract
Introduction: Immunoglobulins are effector molecules of the humoral immune response, used in the treatment of infectious diseases. Due to its antiviral effect, it was used in the treatment of the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. A search was carried out in the databases for articles on the use of intravenous immunoglobulins in SARS-CoV-2 infection. PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Scielo and Lilacs, and through the Google academic search engine, in Spanish, English and Portuguese.
Objectives: Analyze the use of intravenous immunoglobulins in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Development: Intravenous immunoglobulins have significant levels of antibodies against human pathogens and can be used to treat a variety of infectious diseases, as well as diseases of unknown etiology. This therapy, when administered during the course of the disease (within 72 hours of symptom onset) and with high titers (> 1:160) of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, is associated with clinical benefit.
Conclusions: Intravenous immunoglobulins are effective in different diseases due to their immunomodulatory, antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties. The main adverse reactions are related to high infusion rate and low purification. High-titer hyperimmune gamma preparations and neutralizing preparations administered in early stages of infection favor clinical improvement and hospital stay.
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