Risk factors associated with acute myocardial infarction in patients under 45 years old
Keywords:
acute myocardial infarction, cardiovascular disease risk factors, young adultAbstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and disability-adjusted life years lost worldwide; however, the prevalence of these diseases in young people is difficult to establish with precision.
Objective: To determine the risk factors related to acute myocardial infarction in patients under 45 years of age, as well as the risk of cardiovascular complications.
Method: Analytical, cross-sectional study in 295 patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction at the “Comandante Manuel Fajardo” Clinical and Surgical Teaching Hospital between 2016 and 2022. Two groups were formed: group 1 (patients aged 45 years or younger) and group 2 (patients over 45 years of age). The data were extracted from the registry of admitted patients and medical records. Continuous variables were expressed as mean with standard deviation or median, the chi-square test (χ2) and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for statistical processing.
Results: In group 1, the incidence of males was significantly higher than in group 2 (78.6% vs. 56.5%; p= 0.01), as was smoking (83.3% vs. 62.8%; p= 0.01). On the other hand, the occurrence of cardiovascular complications did not show significant statistical differences between the two study groups (14.5% vs. 23.3%; p= 0.19).
Conclusions: Cardiovascular risk factors vary according to age; male sex and smoking are prevalent in young adults.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Luis Mariano de la Torre Fonseca, Rubén Andrés Guamán Castro, Adrian Mauricio Pacheco Naranjo, Ronald Eduardo Pucha Pesántez, Juan Sebastián Echeverría Penagos, José Roberto Calero Carreño, Robert Alarcón Cedeño
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