Clinical, evolutionary, and therapeutic characterization of patients with complications after emergency abdominal surgery
Keywords:
abdominal cavity, operative surgical procedures, surgical interventionAbstract
Introduction: Postoperative complications delay and worsen patient outcomes.
Objective: To characterize patients with postoperative complications following emergency conventional abdominal surgery based on clinical, therapeutic, and outcome variables.
Methods: An observational, descriptive study was conducted in a series of 240 cases with postoperative complications following emergency conventional abdominal surgery during the 2021-2023 periods in the General Surgery Department of the "Saturnino Lora" Hospital in Santiago de Cuba. Patients with complications up to 30 days after the initial operation were included; the variables studied were age, sex, comorbidity, diagnosis, complications, grade, and treatment; the primary data were taken from the patients' medical records. Summary measures were used for qualitative variables: absolute number and percentage.
Results: 253 complications were reported. Females and patients aged 70 and over predominated. Comorbidities were present in 55.4% of cases. The most frequently diagnosed conditions were acute appendicitis and intestinal occlusion; the most common complications were surgical site infection and septic shock. All complications were categorized according to Clavien-Dindo classification; the most frequent were grades II and III; grade V accounted for 30 (12.5%) deaths, mainly due to septic shock.
Conclusion: Most postoperative complications after emergency abdominal surgery are reversible, occur at advanced ages in both sexes, and are related to comorbidities in patients undergoing surgery for digestive tract conditions, with a predominance of surgical site infections. Major complications are less frequent but carry a higher risk of mortality.
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