Echo-Doppler findings in carotid, vertebral, ulnar and radial arteries in COVID-19 convalescents
Keywords:
arteries, carotid arteries, COVID-19, Doppler ultrasound, extremities, risk factors, upper extremityAbstract
Introduction: Cardiovascular comorbidities are associated with a worse outcome in patients with COVID-19 due to inflammation and thromboembolic events.
Objective: To identify echo-Doppler findings of the carotid, vertebral, ulnar, and radial arteries in COVID-19 convalescents.
Methods: A cross-sectional study of 168 COVID-19 convalescents who underwent arterial echo-Doppler. The variables studied were sex, age, atherosclerotic risk factors, carotid and vertebral artery resistance index, overall carotid intima-media thickness, and upper extremity arterial segments with monophasic flow. Descriptive statistics, mean comparison tests, and the chi-square statistic were used.
Results: The mean resistance index in carotid and vertebral arteries was higher in men (0.62–0.67), except in the left vertebral artery (p=0.008–0.031). In convalescents aged ≥60 years, the resistance index in all arteries except the right vertebral artery was 0.65–0.69 (p=0.000–0.012), and in those with four to five atherosclerotic risk factors, it ranged from 0.64–0.70, except in the right vertebral artery (p=0.005–0.027). The overall carotid intima-media thickness was <0.8, and 48.2% had monophasic flow in at least one distal arterial segment of the upper extremities.
Conclusions: The key findings from Doppler ultrasound of the carotid and vertebral arteries are higher resistance index in the elderly, in men, and in COVID-19 convalescents with more atherosclerotic risk factors. In the ulnar and radial arteries, monophasic spectral morphology is identified in a greater number of individuals without atherosclerotic risk.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Melvis González Méndez, Nélida de la Caridad Carballo Jorge, Claudia Hernández Pérez, Dayana Coutin Rondón, Lesly Solís Alfonso, Yenisleidy Miranda Lorenzo, Narciso Argelio Jiménez Pérez
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