The pressure to publish and its impact on anxiety among graduate students
Keywords:
anxiety; graduate education; mental health; psychological well-being; scientific production indicatorsAbstract
Introduction: Scientific research has become the central focus of postgraduate programs. Publishing in indexed journals has also become a requirement for graduation. This practice imposes demands that affect students’ educational experience and mental health, among which anxiety is one of the most frequently reported problems.
Objective: To analyze how the pressure to publish influences anxiety among graduate students.
Opinion: The requirement to write articles within short timeframes, under international standards and with limited resources, increases anxiety and undermines well-being. This distress affects motivation, social relationships, and creativity, and in some cases encourages the adoption of questionable research practices. In addition, gender inequalities and structural gaps in Latin America have been identified, which further amplify students’ psychological vulnerability.
Conclusions: Anxiety linked to pressure to publish reflects a structural problem in postgraduate education, driven by criteria focused on quantity and indexation.
Downloads
References
1. Marson J, Ferris K. How supervisors can support doctoral students to publish and not perish in academia [Internet]. Encyclopedia. 2023;3(4):1358-72. DOI: 10.3390/encyclopedia3040097
2. Dyke G. Does the early career ‘publish or perish’ myth represent an opportunity for the publishing industry? [Internet]. Learn Publ. 2019;32(1):90-4. DOI: 10.1002/leap.1217
3. Mamani-Benito O, Caycho-Rodríguez T, Tito-Betancur M, Turpo Chaparro J. Publicación científica de los trabajos de grado de maestría de una escuela de posgrado en el Perú [Internet]. Rev Digit Investig Docencia Univ. 2022;16(1):e1469. DOI: 10.19083/ridu.2022.1469
4. Horta H, Li H. Nothing but publishing: the overriding goal of PhD students in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau [Internet]. Stud High Educ. 2022;48(2):263-82. DOI: 10.1080/03075079.2022.2131764
5. Busch CA, Wiesenthal NJ, Gin LE, Cooper KM. Behind the graduate mental health crisis in science [Internet]. Nat Biotechnol. 2024;42(11):1749-53. DOI: 10.1038/s41587-024-02457-z
6. Wilson L, Pool J. Barriers to and enablers for the success of postgraduate students in social work [Internet]. Soc Work Educ. 2024;43:1–18. DOI: 10.1080/02615479.2024.2336102
7. Millones-Gómez PA, Yangali-Vicente JS, Arispe-Alburqueque CM, Rivera-Lozada O, Calla-Vásquez KM, Requena-Mendizábal MF, et al. Research policies and scientific production: a study of 94 Peruvian universities [Internet]. PLoS One. 2021;16(5):e0252410. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252410
8. Moradi S. Publication should not be a prerequisite to obtaining a PhD [Internet]. Nat Hum Behav. 2019;3:1025. DOI: 10.1038/s41562-019-0690-7
9. Amutuhaire T. The reality of the ‘Publish or perish’ concept: perspectives from the Global South [Internet]. Publ Res Q. 2022;38:281–94. DOI: 10.1007/s12109-022-09879-0
10. Lora MG. Actitud, motivación y ansiedad y su relación con el rendimiento académico en estudiantes. Universidad Cesar Vallejo 2017 [Internet]. Horizonte Med (Lima). 2020;20(1):37-44. DOI: 10.24265/horizmed.2020.v20n1.06
11. Bulusan F, Bautista TC, Pascual SB, Respicio-Pascual V, Garcia PB. Graduate students’ confidence level and dimensions of anxiety in doing empirical studies in the 21st century: a convergent-parallel exploration [Internet]. J Lifestyle SDGs Rev. 2025;5(2):e05799. DOI: 10.47172/2965-730X.SDGsReview.v5.n02.pe05799
12. Chi T, Cheng L, Zhang Z. Global prevalence and trend of anxiety among graduate students: A systematic review and meta-analysis [Internet]. Brain Behav. 2023;13(4):e2909. DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2909
13. Evans TM, Bira L, Gastelum JB, Weiss LT, Vanderford NL. Evidence for a mental health crisis in graduate education [Internet]. Nat Biotechnol. 2018;36(3):282-4. DOI: 10.1038/nbt.4089
14. Levecque K, Anseel F, De Beuckelaer A, Van der Heyden J, Gisle L. Work organization and mental health problems in PhD students [Internet]. Res Policy. 2017;46(4):868-79. DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2017.02.008
15. SenthilKumar G, Mathieu NM, Freed JK, Sigmund CD, Gutterman DD. Addressing the decline in graduate students' mental well-being [Internet]. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2023;325(4):H882-7. DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00466.2023
16. Wu C. Publish or perish: a study on academic misconduct in publishing among Chinese doctoral students [Internet]. Br J Sociol Educ. 2025;46(3):303-22. DOI: 10.1080/01425692.2025.2454315
17. Ahalli S, Fort E, Bridai Y, Baborier N, Charbotel B. Mental health and working constraints of first-year PhD students in health and science in a French university: a cross-sectional study in the context of occupational health monitoring [Internet]. BMJ Open. 2022;12(6):e057679. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057679
18. Hazell CM, Chapman L, Valeix SF, Roberts P, Niven JE, Berry C. Understanding the mental health of doctoral researchers: a mixed methods systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-synthesis [Internet]. Syst Rev. 2020;9(1):197. DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01443-1
19. Quek TT-C, Tam WS, Tran BX, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Ho CS-H, Ho RC-M. The global prevalence of anxiety among medical students: a meta-analysis [Internet]. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(15):2735. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16152735
20. Stubb J, Pyhältö K, Lonka K. Balancing between inspiration and exhaustion: PhD students’ experienced socio-psychological well-being [Internet]. Stud Contin Educ. 2011;33(1):33-50. DOI: 10.1080/0158037X.2010.515572
21. Forrester N. Mental health of graduate students sorely overlooked [Internet]. Nature. 2021;595(7865):135-7. DOI: 10.1038/d41586-021-01751-z
22. Ruiz-Ruano García AM, Artigas Morales W, Casanova I, López Puga J. Las prácticas cuestionables de investigación en la comunidad científica hispanohablante [Internet]. Rev EspDocCient. 2025;48(1):1605. DOI: 10.3989/redc.2025.1.1605
23. Nguyen VT, Sharp MK, Superchi C, Baron G, Glonti K, Blanco D, et al. Biomedical doctoral students' research practices when facing dilemmas: two vignette-based randomized control trials [Internet]. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):16371. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-2121-1
24. Anderson MS, Ronning EA, De Vries R, Martinson BC. The perverse effects of competition on scientists' work and relationships [Internet]. Sci Eng Ethics. 2007;13(4):437-61. DOI: 10.1007/s11948-007-9042-5
25. Edwards MA, Roy S. Academic research in the 21st century: maintaining scientific integrity in a climate of perverse incentives and hypercompetition [Internet]. Environ Eng Sci. 2017;34(1):51-61. DOI: 10.1089/ees.2016.0223
26. Minello A. The pandemic and the female academic [Internet]. Nature. 2020;581(7808):365. DOI: 10.1038/d41586-020-01135-9
27. Li P, Tang X, Sun Y, Huang S. How do supervisor-student relationships affect anxiety of graduate students? The mediating role of research self-efficacy and the moderating role of mindset [Internet]. PLoS One. 2025;20(8):e0328068. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0328068
28. Ma L, Yao H, Hou J. Exploring the relationship between supervisor support and anxiety of graduate students in China: The mediating role of scientific research efficacy [Internet]. Asia-PacEduc Res. 2024;33:321-9. DOI: 10.1007/s40299-023-00730-4
29. Vincent C, Tremblay-Wragg É, Plante I. Effects of participation in a structured writing retreat on doctoral mental health: an experimental and comprehensive study [Internet]. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(20):6953. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20206953
30. Papen U, Thériault V. Writing retreats as a milestone in the development of PhD students’ sense of self as academic writers [Internet]. Stud Contin Educ. 2017;40(2):166-80. DOI: 10.1080/0158037X.2017.1396973
31. Jonas EA, Hall NC. Writing and reading self-efficacy in graduate students: exploring implications for psychological well-being [Internet]. Interdiscip Educ Psychol. 2022;3(1):3. DOI: 10.31532/InterdiscipEducPsychol.3.1.003
32. Muller JZ. The tyranny of metrics [Internet]. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 2018. DOI: 10.2307/j.ctvc77h85
33. Carnelley M. Publish or perish. Perceived benefits versus unintended consequences [Internet]. Potchefstroom Electron Law J. 2018;21:1-8. DOI: 10.17159/1727-3781/2018/v21i0a5441
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Edwin Gustavo Estrada-Araoz

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who have publications with this Journal accept the following terms:
- The authors will retain their copyright and guarantee the Journal the right of first publication of their work, which will simultaneously be subject to the Creative Commons Attribution License. The content presented here can be shared, copied and redistributed in any medium or format; Can be adapted, remixed, transformed or created from the material, using the following terms: Attribution (giving appropriate credit to the work, providing a link to the license, and indicating if changes have been made); non-commercial (you cannot use the material for commercial purposes) and share-alike (if you remix, transform or create new material from this work, you can distribute your contribution as long as you use the same license as the original work).
- The authors may adopt other non-exclusive license agreements for the distribution of the published version of the work (for example: depositing it in an institutional electronic archive or publishing it in a monographic volume) as long as the initial publication in this Journal is indicated.
- Authors are allowed and recommended to disseminate their work through the Internet (e.g., in institutional electronic archives or on their website) before and during the submission process, which can produce interesting exchanges and increase citations. of the published work.

