The role of cofactors in the development of anaphylactic reactions
Keywords:
adolescent behaviour; anaphylaxis; exercise; risk assessment; risk factors; severity of illness index; socioeconomic factorsAbstract
Introduction: Anaphylaxis is a dangerous hypersensitivity reaction that develops due to exposure to various cofactors, such as physical activity, alcohol, and medications.
Objective: Analyse existing data to examine the effect of cofactors on anaphylactic reactions and identify substantial risk factors, and key areas for further research.
Methods: Bibliographic sources (30) were reviewed to provide a comprehensive overview of anaphylaxis risk factors, cofactors, and clinical management.
Results: It is determined that physical activity is the most substantial cofactor, causing reactions in 40% of patients, especially in adolescents aged 13-17 years, where hormonal changes play a key role. Alcohol increased the severity of reactions by 25-30%, especially in adults aged 46-55 years. Medications, in particular, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, provoked reactions in 15% of children and 35% of adults, while the combination of these factors with alcohol and physical activity increased the risk of severe reactions by up to 35%.
Conclusions: The findings provide new perspectives for clinical practice, including educational strategies and age-based recommendations for at-risk groups.
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References
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