Social determinants and high-risk HPV genotypes in Peruvian women
Keywords:
social determinants of health; women; Peru; human papillomavirus; Dentistry; Peru; university studentsAbstract
Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. HPV genotypes 16 and 18 are strongly associated with cervical cancer, and their persistence is influenced by social determinants of health.
Objective: To describe the distribution of high-risk HPV genotypes and the social determinants present among women attending a cervical cancer prevention clinic.
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive-comparative case series was conducted in 58 women with high-risk HPV infection who attended a healthcare facility between January and June 2024. A validated questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and health-related information. Data were analyzed using frequencies and percentages.
Results: Women aged 30–34 years predominated, with menarche occurring between 11 and 13 years of age and a low frequency of family history of neoplasia (12.1%). HPV 16/18 was detected in 43.1% of participants, whereas other high-risk genotypes accounted for 56.9%. Most participants had secondary education, were homemakers or employees, and reported low household income, with similar distributions according to HPV genotype. A high prevalence of anemia (65.5%), early sexual debut, multiple sexual partners (≥ 3), infrequent condom use, and high perceived stress was observed.
Conclusions: High-risk HPV genotypes other than HPV 16 and 18 were more frequent than HPV 16/18 in the study population. In addition, a high prevalence of social, biological, and behavioral determinants associated with conditions of vulnerability was identified among the women studied.
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