Principios básicos y uso en medicina de la espectroscopia de impedancia

Autores/as

Palabras clave:

espectroscopia de impedancia eléctrica, espacio extracelular, espacio intracelular, diagnóstico, tejidos.

Resumen

Introducción: La impedancia de los tejidos biológicos o bioimpedancia es la relación entre la diferencia de potencial de 2 puntos en el tejido evaluado. Esta medida, depende de los componentes de tipo resistivo (resistencia al flujo iónico), capacitivo e inductivo (permitividad de la membrana). Los tejidos no presentan un comportamiento puramente resistivo, por lo cual su impedancia depende de la frecuencia y su caracterización, por lo tanto, necesita del uso de corrientes a diferentes frecuencias. Esta forma de medición se denomina espectroscopia de impedancia eléctrica. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, en los últimos 5 años, en las bases de datos PubMed, Medline, Scielo, LILACS, EBSCO y Excerpta Medica.
Objetivo: Describir los principios básicos de la espectroscopia de impedancia y profundizar en sus aplicaciones médicas.
Desarrollo: Se encontraron aplicaciones de la espectroscopia de impedancia para el diagnóstico en: 1) Oncología, 2) Vías digestivas, 3) Enfermedades pulmonares y 4) Enfermedades neurológicas. Sobre la aplicación diagnóstica, en la literatura consultada se obtuvieron resultados que corroboran la utilidad de la espectroscopia de impedancia como un método diagnóstico.
Conclusiones: Mediante la espectroscopia de impedancia es posible conocer la respuesta eléctrica de tejidos biológicos en un amplio rango de frecuencias. Esto permite la caracterización de los tejidos biológicos; así como la evaluación de su transformación de sanos a patológicos.

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Biografía del autor/a

José Luis García Bello, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo

Profesor Asistente  Física. Departamento de Física

Taira Teresa Batista Luna, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo

Profesora Asistente Física.  Dpto. de Física

Néstor Juan Rodríguez de la Cruz, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo

Profesor Asistente Física. Dpto de Física

Citas

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Publicado

01.03.2023

Cómo citar

1.
García Bello JL, Batista Luna TT, Rodríguez de la Cruz NJ. Principios básicos y uso en medicina de la espectroscopia de impedancia. Rev Cubana Med Milit [Internet]. 1 de marzo de 2023 [citado 11 de enero de 2025];52(2):e02302316. Disponible en: https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/2316

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