Basic principles and use in medicine of impedance spectroscopy
Keywords:
electrical impedance spectroscopy, extracellular space, intracellular space, diagnosis, tissue.Abstract
Introduction: The impedance of biological tissues or bioimpedance is the relationship between the potential difference of 2 points in the tissue being evaluated and the current flow between them. This measurement depends on resistive (resistance to ionic flow), capacitive and inductive (membrane permittivity) components. Tissues do not have a purely resistive behavior, so their impedance depends on the frequency and its characterization therefore requires the use of currents at different frequencies. This form of measurement is called electrical impedance spectroscopy. A literature review in the last five years was carried out. Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, Scielo, LILACS, EBSCO and Excerpta Medica databases were used.
Objective: To describe the basic principles of impedance spectroscopy and to deepen its medical applications.
Development: Applications of impedance spectroscopy for diagnosis were found in: 1) Oncology, 2) Digestive tract, 3) Lung pathologies, 4) Neurological pathologies; as well as the study of: 1) Body composition corporal, among others. On the diagnostic application, in the literature consulted, obtained results corroborate the usefulness of the impedance spectroscopy as a diagnostic method.
Conclusions: By means of impedance spectroscopy it is possible to know the electrical response of biological tissues in a wide range of frequencies. This allows the characterization of biological tissues; as well as the evaluation of their transformation from healthy to pathological.
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References
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4. Crowell LL, Yakisich JS, Aufderheide B, Adams TNG. Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy for Monitoring Chemoresistance of Cancer Cells. Micromachines 2020; 11(9):832. DOI: 10.3390/mi11090832.
5. Stupin DD, Kuzina EA, Abelit AA, Emelyanov AK, Nikolaev DM, Ryazantsev MN, et al. Bioimpedance spectroscopy: basics and applications. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering 2021; 7(6):1962-86. DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01570
6. Mohamed M, Matthie J, Fan SL. Bioimpedance spectroscopy: Is a picture worth a thousand words? Semin Dial. 2022; 1-11. DOI: 10.1111/sdi.13084
7. Van der Sande FM, Van de Wal-Visscher ER, Stuard S, Moissl U, Kooman JP. Using bioimpedance spectroscopy to assess volume status in dialysis patients. Blood Purif 2020; 49(1):178-184. DOI: 10.1159/000504079
8. Sasaki K, Porter E, Rashed EA, Farrugia L, Schmid G. Measurement and image-based estimation of dielectric properties of biological tissues-past, present, and future-. Physics in Medicine & Biology. 2022; 67:14TR01. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac7b64
9. Brantlov S, Jødal L, Frydensbjerg Andersen R, Lange A, Rittig S, et al. Bioimpedance resistance indices and cell membrane capacitance used to assess disease status and cell membrane integrity in children with nephrotic syndrome. Sci World J. 2019:4274856. DOI: 10.1155/2019/4274856
10. Arias-Guillén M, Pérez E, Herrera P, Romano B, Ojeda R, Vera M, et al. Bioimpedance spectroscopy as a practical tool for the early detection and prevention of protein-energy wasting in hemodialysis patients. Journal of Renal Nutrition. 2018; 28(5):324-32. DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2018.02.004/4274856
11. Zink MD, König F, Weyer S, Willmes K, Leonhardt S, Marx N, et al. Segmental bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy to monitor fluid status in heart failure. Sci Rep 2020; 10(1):1-9. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60358-y
12. Moqadam SM, Grewal PK, Haeri Z, Ingledew PA, Kohli K, Golnaraghi F. Cancer detection based on electrical impedance spectroscopy: A clinical study. Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance 2018; 9(1):17-23. DOI: 10.2478/joeb-2018-0004
13. Holm S, Holm T, Martinsen Ø. Simple circuit equivalents for the constant phase element. PloS one. 2021; 16(3):e0248786. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248786
14. Vastarouchas C, Tsirimokou G, Psychalinos C. Extraction of cole-cole model parameters through low-frequency measurements. AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications. 2018; 84:355-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2017.11.020
15. Yao J, Wang L, Liu K, Wu H, Wang H, Huang J, et al. Evaluation of electrical characteristics of biological tissue with electrical impedance spectroscopy. Electrophoresis. 2020; 41(16-17):1425-32. DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900420
16. Muller TL, Ward LC, Plush KJ, Pluske JR, D'Souza DN, Bryden WL, et al. Use of bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy to provide a measure of body composition in sows. Animal 2021; 15(3):100156. DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100156
17. Górska K, Horzela A, Lattanzi A. Composition law for the Cole-Cole relaxation and ensuing evolution equations. Physics Letters A. 2019; 383(15):1716-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2019.03.008
18. Nikulin SV, Gerasimenko TN, Shilin SA, Zakharova GS, Gazizov IN, Poloznikov AA, et al. Application of impedance spectroscopy for the control of the integrity of in vitro models of barrier tissues. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2019; 166(4):512-16. DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04384-5
19. Zimmermann J, van Rienen U. Ambiguity in the interpretation of the low-frequency dielectric properties of biological tissues. Bioelectrochemistry. 2021; 140:107773. DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107773
20. Forte AJ, Huayllani MT, Boczar D, Ávila FR, Kassis S, Lu X, et al. Use of bioimpedance spectroscopy for prospective surveillance and early diagnosis of breast cancer-related lymphedema. Breast Disease. 2021; 40(2):85-93. DOI: 10.3233/BD-201008
21. Li Y, Peng Y, Yang X, Lu S, Gao J, Lin C, et al. Analysis of measurement electrode location in bladder urine monitoring using electrical impedance. Biomedical Engineering Online. 2019; 18(1):1-12. DOI: 10.1186/s12938-019-0651-4
22. Oh TI, Kang MJ, Jeong YJ, Zhang T, Yeo SG, Park DC. Tissue characterization using an electrical bioimpedance spectroscopy-based multi-electrode probe to screen for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Diagnostics. 2021; 11(12):2354. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122354
23. Brown BH, Highfield PE, Tidy JA. Prognostic value of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) when used as an adjunct to colposcopy-a longitudinal study. Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance. 2020; 11(1):81-6. DOI: 10.2478/joeb-2020-0012
24. Teixeira VS, Barth T, Labitzky V, Schumacher U, Krautschneider W. Electrical impedance spectroscopy for characterization of prostate pc-3 and du 145 cancer cells. In: 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) 2019, July, pp. 6485-6489. IEEE. DOI: 10.1109/EMBC.2019.8856627
25. Murphy EK, Mahara A, Khan S, Hyams ES, Schned AR, Pettus J, et al. Comparative study of separation between ex vivo prostatic malignant and benign tissue using electrical impedance spectroscopy and electrical impedance tomography. Physiol Meas. 2017; 38(6):1242-61. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aa660e
26. González-Correa CA. Clinical Applications of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy. In: Simini F, Bertemes-Filho P (eds) Bioimpedance in Biomedical Applications and Research. Springer; 2018. pp. 187-218. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74388-2_10.
27. Bertemes-Filho P. Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy. In: Simini F, Bertemes-Filho P (eds) Bioimpedance in Biomedical Applications and Research. Springer; 2018. pp. 5-27. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74388-2_2.
28. Turgunova N, Velikaya V, Musabaeva L, Aleinik A, Anisenya I, Martemyanova N. Bioimpedance spectroscopy for clinical assessment of tissues and the irradiated cancer tumors. In: 7th International Forum on Strategic Technology (Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia). 2012, September. pp. 1-4. IEEE. DOI: 10.1109/IFOST.2012.6357805
29. Teixeira VS, Krautschneider W, Montero-Rodríguez JJ. Bioimpedance spectroscopy for characterization of healthy and cancerous tissues. In: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Photonics (Saint Petersburg, · Russian Federation). 2018, October, pp. 147-151. IEEE. DOI: 10.1109/EExPolytech.2018.8564401
30. Liu H, Shi F, Tang X, Zheng S, Kolb J, Yao C. Application of bioimpedance spectroscopy to characterize chemoresistant tumor cell selectivity of nanosecond pulse stimulation. Bioelectrochemistry. 2020; 135:12. DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107570
31. Zhang F, Jin T, Hu Q, He P. Distinguishing skin cancer cells and normal cells using electrical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 2018; 823:531-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.06.021
32. Mesa F, Paez-Sierra BA, Romero A, Botero P, Ramírez-Clavijo S. Assisted laser impedance spectroscopy to probe breast cancer cells. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 2020; 54(7):075401. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463-abc380
33. Mahdavi R, Hosseinpour P, Abbasvandi F, Mehrvarz S, Yousefpour N, Ataee H, et al. Bioelectrical pathology of the breast; real-time diagnosis of malignancy by clinically calibrated impedance spectroscopy of freshly dissected tissue. Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 2020; 165:112421. DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112421
34. Eduardo PM, Mario GL, Cesar PM, Myra MA, Sara HY, E BN. Bioelectric, tissue, and molecular characteristics of the gastric mucosa at different times of ischemia. Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2021; 246(18):1968-80. DOI: 10.1177/15353702211021601
35. Keshtkar ZS. Some early results related to electrical impedance of normal and abnormal gastric tissue. Physica Medica. 2012; 28(1):19-24. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2011.01.002
36. Weijenborg WR. Electrical tissue impedance spectroscopy: a novel device to measure esophageal mucosal integrity changes during endoscopy. Neurogastroenterology & Motility. 2013; 25(7):574-80. DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12106
37. Beltrán N, Cerón U, Sánchez G, Remolina M, Sacristán E. Estudio multicéntrico de espectroscopia de impedancia gástrica en pacientes en estado crítico. Rev Asoc Mex Med Crit y Ter Int. 2007 [acceso: 23/06/2022]; 21(1):21-25. Disponible en: https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/medcri/ti-2007/ti071f.pdf
38. Orschulik J, Hochhausen N, Czaplik M, Teichmann D, Leonhardt S, Walter M, et al. Addition of internal electrodes is beneficial for focused bioimpedance measurements in the lung Physiol Meas. 2018; 39(3):035009. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aaad45
39. Orschulik J, Hochhausenb N, Czaplikb M, Aguiar S, Leonhardta S, Waltera M. Impact of lung pathologies on bioimpedance spectroscopy measurements -an experimental study. International Journal of Bioelectromagnetism. 2020 [acceso: 23/06/2022]; 22(1):1-19. Disponible en: https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/804041/files/804041.pdf
40. Company-Se G, Nescolarde L, Pajares V, Torrego A, Riu PJ, Rosell J, et al. Minimally invasive lung tissue differentiation using electrical impedance spectroscopy: a comparison of the 3- and 4-electrode methods. IEEE Access. 2021; 10:7354-7367. DOI: 10.1109/access.2021.3139223
41. Patil S, Darcourt J, Messina P, Bozsak F, Cognard C, Doyle K. Characterising acute ischaemic stroke thrombi: insights from histology, imaging and emerging impedance-based technologies. Stroke and Vascular Neurology. 2022 [acceso: 23/06/2022]:svn-2021. Disponible en: https://svn.bmj.com/content/svnbmj/7/4/353.full.pdf
42. Lexequías C, Urcia B, Franco B, Baltuano O, Patiño G. Desarrollo de un espectrómetro de impedancia eléctrica portátil para análisis y caracterización del tejido sanguíneo. Rev Inv Fis. 2021; 24(1):9-16. DOI: 10.15381/rif.v24i1.20241
43. Li P, Highfield PE, Lang ZQ, Kell D. Cervical cancer prognosis and diagnosis using electrical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance. 2021; 12(1):153-162. DOI: 10.2478/joeb-2021-0018
44. Tabinor M, Davies SJ. The use of bioimpedance spectroscopy to guide fluid management in patients receiving dialysis. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2018; 27(6):406-12. DOI: 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000445
45. Kilgore LJ, Korentager SS, Hangge AN, Amin AL, Balanoff CR, Larson KE, et al. Reducing breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) through prospective surveillance monitoring using bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) and patient directed self-interventions. Ann Surg Oncol. 2018; 25(10):2948-52. DOI: 10.1245/s10434-018-6601-8
46. Homola W, Fuchs T, Baranski P, Zimmer A, Zimmer M, Pomorski M. Use of electrical impedance spectroscopy as an adjunct to colposcopy in a pathway of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia diagnostics. Ginekologia Polska. 2019; 90(11):628-32. DOI: 10.5603/GP.2019.0107
47. Fahmy HM, Hamad AM, Sayed FA, Abdelaziz YS, Serea ESA, Mustafa ABE, et al. Dielectric spectroscopy signature for cancer diagnosis: A review. Microw Opt Technol Lett. 2020; 62(12):3739-53. DOI: 10.1002/mop.32517
48. Teixeira V, Labitzky V, Schumacher U, Krautschneider W. Use of electrical impedance spectroscopy to distinguish cancer from normal tissues with a four electrode terminal setup. Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering. 2020; 6(3):20203088. DOI: 10.1515/cdbme-2020-3088
49. Ma Q, Dieterich LC, Detmar M. Multiple roles of lymphatic vessels in tumor progression. Current Opinion in Immunology. 2018; 53:7-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.03.018
50. Bartelink IH, Jones EF, Shahidi‐Latham SK, Lee PRE, Zheng Y, Vicini P, et al. Tumor drug penetration measurements could be the neglected piece of the personalized cancer treatment puzzle. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2019; 106(1):148-163. DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1211
2. Moonen HP, Van Zanten AR. Bioelectric impedance analysis for body composition measurement and other potential clinical applications in critical illness. Current Opinion in Critical Care. 2021; 27(4):344. DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000840
3. Li Y, Ma R, Wang X, Jin J, Wang H, Liu Z, et al. Tissue coefficient of bioimpedance spectrometry as an index to discriminate different tissues in vivo. Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering. 2019; 39(3):923-36. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2019.08.003
4. Crowell LL, Yakisich JS, Aufderheide B, Adams TNG. Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy for Monitoring Chemoresistance of Cancer Cells. Micromachines 2020; 11(9):832. DOI: 10.3390/mi11090832.
5. Stupin DD, Kuzina EA, Abelit AA, Emelyanov AK, Nikolaev DM, Ryazantsev MN, et al. Bioimpedance spectroscopy: basics and applications. ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering 2021; 7(6):1962-86. DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01570
6. Mohamed M, Matthie J, Fan SL. Bioimpedance spectroscopy: Is a picture worth a thousand words? Semin Dial. 2022; 1-11. DOI: 10.1111/sdi.13084
7. Van der Sande FM, Van de Wal-Visscher ER, Stuard S, Moissl U, Kooman JP. Using bioimpedance spectroscopy to assess volume status in dialysis patients. Blood Purif 2020; 49(1):178-184. DOI: 10.1159/000504079
8. Sasaki K, Porter E, Rashed EA, Farrugia L, Schmid G. Measurement and image-based estimation of dielectric properties of biological tissues-past, present, and future-. Physics in Medicine & Biology. 2022; 67:14TR01. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac7b64
9. Brantlov S, Jødal L, Frydensbjerg Andersen R, Lange A, Rittig S, et al. Bioimpedance resistance indices and cell membrane capacitance used to assess disease status and cell membrane integrity in children with nephrotic syndrome. Sci World J. 2019:4274856. DOI: 10.1155/2019/4274856
10. Arias-Guillén M, Pérez E, Herrera P, Romano B, Ojeda R, Vera M, et al. Bioimpedance spectroscopy as a practical tool for the early detection and prevention of protein-energy wasting in hemodialysis patients. Journal of Renal Nutrition. 2018; 28(5):324-32. DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2018.02.004/4274856
11. Zink MD, König F, Weyer S, Willmes K, Leonhardt S, Marx N, et al. Segmental bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy to monitor fluid status in heart failure. Sci Rep 2020; 10(1):1-9. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60358-y
12. Moqadam SM, Grewal PK, Haeri Z, Ingledew PA, Kohli K, Golnaraghi F. Cancer detection based on electrical impedance spectroscopy: A clinical study. Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance 2018; 9(1):17-23. DOI: 10.2478/joeb-2018-0004
13. Holm S, Holm T, Martinsen Ø. Simple circuit equivalents for the constant phase element. PloS one. 2021; 16(3):e0248786. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248786
14. Vastarouchas C, Tsirimokou G, Psychalinos C. Extraction of cole-cole model parameters through low-frequency measurements. AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications. 2018; 84:355-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.aeue.2017.11.020
15. Yao J, Wang L, Liu K, Wu H, Wang H, Huang J, et al. Evaluation of electrical characteristics of biological tissue with electrical impedance spectroscopy. Electrophoresis. 2020; 41(16-17):1425-32. DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900420
16. Muller TL, Ward LC, Plush KJ, Pluske JR, D'Souza DN, Bryden WL, et al. Use of bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy to provide a measure of body composition in sows. Animal 2021; 15(3):100156. DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100156
17. Górska K, Horzela A, Lattanzi A. Composition law for the Cole-Cole relaxation and ensuing evolution equations. Physics Letters A. 2019; 383(15):1716-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2019.03.008
18. Nikulin SV, Gerasimenko TN, Shilin SA, Zakharova GS, Gazizov IN, Poloznikov AA, et al. Application of impedance spectroscopy for the control of the integrity of in vitro models of barrier tissues. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2019; 166(4):512-16. DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04384-5
19. Zimmermann J, van Rienen U. Ambiguity in the interpretation of the low-frequency dielectric properties of biological tissues. Bioelectrochemistry. 2021; 140:107773. DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.107773
20. Forte AJ, Huayllani MT, Boczar D, Ávila FR, Kassis S, Lu X, et al. Use of bioimpedance spectroscopy for prospective surveillance and early diagnosis of breast cancer-related lymphedema. Breast Disease. 2021; 40(2):85-93. DOI: 10.3233/BD-201008
21. Li Y, Peng Y, Yang X, Lu S, Gao J, Lin C, et al. Analysis of measurement electrode location in bladder urine monitoring using electrical impedance. Biomedical Engineering Online. 2019; 18(1):1-12. DOI: 10.1186/s12938-019-0651-4
22. Oh TI, Kang MJ, Jeong YJ, Zhang T, Yeo SG, Park DC. Tissue characterization using an electrical bioimpedance spectroscopy-based multi-electrode probe to screen for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Diagnostics. 2021; 11(12):2354. DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122354
23. Brown BH, Highfield PE, Tidy JA. Prognostic value of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) when used as an adjunct to colposcopy-a longitudinal study. Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance. 2020; 11(1):81-6. DOI: 10.2478/joeb-2020-0012
24. Teixeira VS, Barth T, Labitzky V, Schumacher U, Krautschneider W. Electrical impedance spectroscopy for characterization of prostate pc-3 and du 145 cancer cells. In: 2019 41st Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) 2019, July, pp. 6485-6489. IEEE. DOI: 10.1109/EMBC.2019.8856627
25. Murphy EK, Mahara A, Khan S, Hyams ES, Schned AR, Pettus J, et al. Comparative study of separation between ex vivo prostatic malignant and benign tissue using electrical impedance spectroscopy and electrical impedance tomography. Physiol Meas. 2017; 38(6):1242-61. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aa660e
26. González-Correa CA. Clinical Applications of Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy. In: Simini F, Bertemes-Filho P (eds) Bioimpedance in Biomedical Applications and Research. Springer; 2018. pp. 187-218. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74388-2_10.
27. Bertemes-Filho P. Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy. In: Simini F, Bertemes-Filho P (eds) Bioimpedance in Biomedical Applications and Research. Springer; 2018. pp. 5-27. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-74388-2_2.
28. Turgunova N, Velikaya V, Musabaeva L, Aleinik A, Anisenya I, Martemyanova N. Bioimpedance spectroscopy for clinical assessment of tissues and the irradiated cancer tumors. In: 7th International Forum on Strategic Technology (Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia). 2012, September. pp. 1-4. IEEE. DOI: 10.1109/IFOST.2012.6357805
29. Teixeira VS, Krautschneider W, Montero-Rodríguez JJ. Bioimpedance spectroscopy for characterization of healthy and cancerous tissues. In: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Photonics (Saint Petersburg, · Russian Federation). 2018, October, pp. 147-151. IEEE. DOI: 10.1109/EExPolytech.2018.8564401
30. Liu H, Shi F, Tang X, Zheng S, Kolb J, Yao C. Application of bioimpedance spectroscopy to characterize chemoresistant tumor cell selectivity of nanosecond pulse stimulation. Bioelectrochemistry. 2020; 135:12. DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107570
31. Zhang F, Jin T, Hu Q, He P. Distinguishing skin cancer cells and normal cells using electrical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 2018; 823:531-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2018.06.021
32. Mesa F, Paez-Sierra BA, Romero A, Botero P, Ramírez-Clavijo S. Assisted laser impedance spectroscopy to probe breast cancer cells. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics. 2020; 54(7):075401. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463-abc380
33. Mahdavi R, Hosseinpour P, Abbasvandi F, Mehrvarz S, Yousefpour N, Ataee H, et al. Bioelectrical pathology of the breast; real-time diagnosis of malignancy by clinically calibrated impedance spectroscopy of freshly dissected tissue. Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 2020; 165:112421. DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112421
34. Eduardo PM, Mario GL, Cesar PM, Myra MA, Sara HY, E BN. Bioelectric, tissue, and molecular characteristics of the gastric mucosa at different times of ischemia. Experimental Biology and Medicine. 2021; 246(18):1968-80. DOI: 10.1177/15353702211021601
35. Keshtkar ZS. Some early results related to electrical impedance of normal and abnormal gastric tissue. Physica Medica. 2012; 28(1):19-24. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2011.01.002
36. Weijenborg WR. Electrical tissue impedance spectroscopy: a novel device to measure esophageal mucosal integrity changes during endoscopy. Neurogastroenterology & Motility. 2013; 25(7):574-80. DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12106
37. Beltrán N, Cerón U, Sánchez G, Remolina M, Sacristán E. Estudio multicéntrico de espectroscopia de impedancia gástrica en pacientes en estado crítico. Rev Asoc Mex Med Crit y Ter Int. 2007 [acceso: 23/06/2022]; 21(1):21-25. Disponible en: https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/medcri/ti-2007/ti071f.pdf
38. Orschulik J, Hochhausen N, Czaplik M, Teichmann D, Leonhardt S, Walter M, et al. Addition of internal electrodes is beneficial for focused bioimpedance measurements in the lung Physiol Meas. 2018; 39(3):035009. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aaad45
39. Orschulik J, Hochhausenb N, Czaplikb M, Aguiar S, Leonhardta S, Waltera M. Impact of lung pathologies on bioimpedance spectroscopy measurements -an experimental study. International Journal of Bioelectromagnetism. 2020 [acceso: 23/06/2022]; 22(1):1-19. Disponible en: https://publications.rwth-aachen.de/record/804041/files/804041.pdf
40. Company-Se G, Nescolarde L, Pajares V, Torrego A, Riu PJ, Rosell J, et al. Minimally invasive lung tissue differentiation using electrical impedance spectroscopy: a comparison of the 3- and 4-electrode methods. IEEE Access. 2021; 10:7354-7367. DOI: 10.1109/access.2021.3139223
41. Patil S, Darcourt J, Messina P, Bozsak F, Cognard C, Doyle K. Characterising acute ischaemic stroke thrombi: insights from histology, imaging and emerging impedance-based technologies. Stroke and Vascular Neurology. 2022 [acceso: 23/06/2022]:svn-2021. Disponible en: https://svn.bmj.com/content/svnbmj/7/4/353.full.pdf
42. Lexequías C, Urcia B, Franco B, Baltuano O, Patiño G. Desarrollo de un espectrómetro de impedancia eléctrica portátil para análisis y caracterización del tejido sanguíneo. Rev Inv Fis. 2021; 24(1):9-16. DOI: 10.15381/rif.v24i1.20241
43. Li P, Highfield PE, Lang ZQ, Kell D. Cervical cancer prognosis and diagnosis using electrical impedance spectroscopy. Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance. 2021; 12(1):153-162. DOI: 10.2478/joeb-2021-0018
44. Tabinor M, Davies SJ. The use of bioimpedance spectroscopy to guide fluid management in patients receiving dialysis. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2018; 27(6):406-12. DOI: 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000445
45. Kilgore LJ, Korentager SS, Hangge AN, Amin AL, Balanoff CR, Larson KE, et al. Reducing breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) through prospective surveillance monitoring using bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) and patient directed self-interventions. Ann Surg Oncol. 2018; 25(10):2948-52. DOI: 10.1245/s10434-018-6601-8
46. Homola W, Fuchs T, Baranski P, Zimmer A, Zimmer M, Pomorski M. Use of electrical impedance spectroscopy as an adjunct to colposcopy in a pathway of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia diagnostics. Ginekologia Polska. 2019; 90(11):628-32. DOI: 10.5603/GP.2019.0107
47. Fahmy HM, Hamad AM, Sayed FA, Abdelaziz YS, Serea ESA, Mustafa ABE, et al. Dielectric spectroscopy signature for cancer diagnosis: A review. Microw Opt Technol Lett. 2020; 62(12):3739-53. DOI: 10.1002/mop.32517
48. Teixeira V, Labitzky V, Schumacher U, Krautschneider W. Use of electrical impedance spectroscopy to distinguish cancer from normal tissues with a four electrode terminal setup. Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering. 2020; 6(3):20203088. DOI: 10.1515/cdbme-2020-3088
49. Ma Q, Dieterich LC, Detmar M. Multiple roles of lymphatic vessels in tumor progression. Current Opinion in Immunology. 2018; 53:7-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2018.03.018
50. Bartelink IH, Jones EF, Shahidi‐Latham SK, Lee PRE, Zheng Y, Vicini P, et al. Tumor drug penetration measurements could be the neglected piece of the personalized cancer treatment puzzle. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2019; 106(1):148-163. DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1211
Published
2023-03-01
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1.
García Bello JL, Batista Luna TT, Rodríguez de la Cruz NJ. Basic principles and use in medicine of impedance spectroscopy. Rev Cubana Med Milit [Internet]. 2023 Mar. 1 [cited 2025 Jan. 11];52(2):e02302316. Available from: https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/2316
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