Depression, anxiety and stress in Cuban dental students during the COVID-19 resurgence
Keywords:
depresión, ansiedad, estrés, estudiantes de Estomatología, COVID-19.Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the mental health of students and is necessary to evaluate these psychological manifestations.Objective: To identify the levels of depression, anxiety and stress in Cuban Stomatology students during the outbreak of COVID-19.
Methods: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress scale, validated for the undergraduate of Dentistry in Cuba was used. The scale was available in a Google form. Facebook, Telegram and WhatsApp social networks were used to invite the students. Depression, anxiety and stress were categorized according to cut-off points and descriptive statistics were obtained.
Results: Of the 329 surveyed from 16 universities, 74,16 % suffered from depression, anxiety 63,22 % and stress 68,69 %. In general, 55,62 % suffered from depression, anxiety and stress.
Conclusions: Symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress were identified, being the severe categories the most prevalent in the students of Dentistry.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Lee J, Solomon M, Stead T, Kwon B, Ganti L. Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of US college students. BMC Psychol. 2021;9(1):1-10. DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00598-3
2. Huarcaya-Victoria J, Elera-Fitzcarrald C, Crisol-Deza D, Villanueva-Zú L, Pacherres A, Torres A, et al. Factors associated with mental health in Peruvian medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multicentre quantitative study. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr. 2021; S0034-7450(21):00108-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2021.06.002
3. Carranza-Esteban RF, Mamani-Benito OJ, Corrales-Reyes IE, Landa-Barzola M, Marca-Dueñas G, Tito-Betancur VS, et al. Evidencias psicométricas de una escala de preocupación por el contagio de la COVID-19 en internos peruanos. Rev Cubana Inv Biomed. 2021 [acceso: 20/10/2021];40(5):e1650. Disponible en: https://www.revibiomedica.sld.cu/index.php/ibi/article/view/1650/971
4. Clemente-Suárez VJ, Navarro-Jiménez E, Jimenez M, Hormeño-Holgado A, Martinez-Gonzalez MB, Benitez-Agudelo JC, et al. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic in public mental health: An extensive narrative review. Sustain. 2021;13(6):1-21. DOI: 10.3390/su13063221
5. Mejia CR, Rodriguez-Alarcon JF, Charri JC, Liendo-Venegas D, Morocho-Alburqueque N, Benites-Ibarra C, et al. Repercusión académica de la COVID-19 en universitarios peruanos. Rev Cubana Inv Biomed. 2021 [acceso: 20/10/2021]; 40(1):e814. Disponible en: http://www.revibiomedica.sld.cu/index.php/ibi/article/view/814/847
6. Rodríguez-Didalgo AJ, Dios I, Holden RR. Fear of COVID-19, Stress, and Anxiety in University Undergraduate Students: A Predictive Model for Depression. Front Psychol. 2020;11:595797. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591797
7. Surrati AMQ, Mansuri FMA, Alihabi AAA. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2020;15(6):536-43. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.10.005
8. Berenzon S, Lara MA, Robles R, Medina-Mora ME. Depresión: Estado del conocimiento y la necesidad de políticas públicas y planes de acción en México. Salud Publica Mex. 2013 [acceso: 20/10/2021]; 55(1):74-80. Disponible en: https://www.scielosp.org/pdf/spm/2013.v55n1/74-80/es
9. Trucco M. Estrés y trastornos mentales: aspectos neurobiológicos y psicosociales. Rev Chil Neuro-Psiquiatría. 2002; 40(2):8-19. DOI: 10.4067/S0717-92272002000600002
10. Sierra J, Ortega V, Zubeidat I. Ansiedad, angustia y estrés: tres conceptos a diferenciar. Rev Mal-Estar e Subjetividade. 2014 [acceso: 20/10/2021]; 3(1):10-59. Disponible en: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/malestar/v3n1/02.pdf
11. Dhahri AA, Arain SY, Memon AM, Rao A, Mian MA. The psychological impact of COVID-19 on medical education of final year students in Pakistan: A cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg. 2020;60:445-50. DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.11.025
12. Chakraborty T, Subbiah GK, Damade Y. Psychological Distress during COVID-19 Lockdown among Dental Students and Practitioners in India: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Rev Med Hered. 2021; 31(1):68-9. DOI: 10.20453/reh.v31i1.3920
13. Khanagar S, Alfadley A. Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Dental Interns in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Survey. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2020; 13(5):508-12. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1773
14. Alrashed FA, Sattar K, Habib SR, Ahmad T, Al Rashoud AS, Safhi TAY, et al. Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and professional psychomotor skills of dental students. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2021; 14:675-85. DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s317641
15. Rivera K, Torres G. Salud mental en estudiantes de Odontología durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Inv Ed Méd. 2016; 5(20):230-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.riem.2016.03.001
16. Antony MM, Bieling JP, Cox BJ, Enns MW, Swinson RP. Psychometric Properties of the 42-Item and 21-Item Versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in Clinical Groups and a Community Sample. Psychological Assessment. 1998; 10(2):176-81. DOI: 10.1037/1040-3590.10.2.176
17. Villegas-Maestre JD, Pedraza-Rodríguez EM, Corrales-Reyes IE, Carranza-Esteban RF, Mamani-Benito OJ. Validity and reliability of a depression, anxiety and stress scale in Cuban dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic. SciELO Preprint. 2021 [acceso: 06/12/2021]. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.3308
18. de Medeiros RA, Leal-Vieira D, Freitas-da Silva EV, de Lucas-Rezende LV, Wendel-dos Santos R, Tabata LF. Prevalence of symptoms of temporomandibular disorders, oral behaviors, anxiety, and depression in Dentistry students during the period of social isolation due to COVID-19. J Appl Oral Sci. 2020; 28:e20200445. DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0445
19. Hakami Z, Khanagar SB, Vishwanathaiah S, Hakami A, Bokhari AM, Jabali AH, et al. Psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on dental students: A nationwide study. J Dent Educ. 2021; 85(4):494-503. DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12470
20. Obregón-Morales B, Montalván-Romero JC, Segama-Fabian E, Dámaso-Mata B, Panduro-Correa V, Arteaga-Livias K. Factores asociados a la depresión en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad peruana. Educ Méd Sup. 2020 [acceso: 20/10/2021]; 34(2):e1948. Disponible en: http://www.ems.sld.cu/index.php/ems/article/view/1881
21. Tijerina LZ, González E, Gómez M, Cisneros MA, Rodríguez KY, Ramos EG. Depresión, ansiedad y estrés en estudiantes de nuevo ingreso a la educación superior. Rev Salud Pública Nutr. 2018 [acceso: 20/10/2021]; 17(4):41-7. Disponible en: https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/revsalpubnut/spn-2018/spn184e.pdf
22. Ozamiz-Etxebarria N, Dosil-Santamaría M, Picaza-Gorrochategui M, Idoiaga-Mondragon N. Niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en la primera fase del brote del COVID-19 en una muestra recogida en el norte de España. Cad Saúde Pública. 2020; 36(4):e00054020. DOI: 10.1590/0102-311X00054020
23. Damásio-Moutinho IL, de Castro-Pecci N, Ronald-Kleinsorge M, Lamas-Granero RA, Lucchetti-Cerrato SH, Tibiriçá-da Silva OE, et al. Depression, stress and anxiety in medical students: a cross-sectional comparison between students from different semesters. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2017; 63(1):21-8. DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.63.01.21
24. Cobo-Rendón R, Vega-Valenzuela A, García-Álvarez D. Consideraciones institucionales sobre la salud mental en estudiantes universitarios durante la pandemia de COVID-19. CienciAmérica. 2020; 9(2):1-8. DOI: 10.33210/ca.v9i2.322
2. Huarcaya-Victoria J, Elera-Fitzcarrald C, Crisol-Deza D, Villanueva-Zú L, Pacherres A, Torres A, et al. Factors associated with mental health in Peruvian medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multicentre quantitative study. Rev Colomb Psiquiatr. 2021; S0034-7450(21):00108-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.rcp.2021.06.002
3. Carranza-Esteban RF, Mamani-Benito OJ, Corrales-Reyes IE, Landa-Barzola M, Marca-Dueñas G, Tito-Betancur VS, et al. Evidencias psicométricas de una escala de preocupación por el contagio de la COVID-19 en internos peruanos. Rev Cubana Inv Biomed. 2021 [acceso: 20/10/2021];40(5):e1650. Disponible en: https://www.revibiomedica.sld.cu/index.php/ibi/article/view/1650/971
4. Clemente-Suárez VJ, Navarro-Jiménez E, Jimenez M, Hormeño-Holgado A, Martinez-Gonzalez MB, Benitez-Agudelo JC, et al. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic in public mental health: An extensive narrative review. Sustain. 2021;13(6):1-21. DOI: 10.3390/su13063221
5. Mejia CR, Rodriguez-Alarcon JF, Charri JC, Liendo-Venegas D, Morocho-Alburqueque N, Benites-Ibarra C, et al. Repercusión académica de la COVID-19 en universitarios peruanos. Rev Cubana Inv Biomed. 2021 [acceso: 20/10/2021]; 40(1):e814. Disponible en: http://www.revibiomedica.sld.cu/index.php/ibi/article/view/814/847
6. Rodríguez-Didalgo AJ, Dios I, Holden RR. Fear of COVID-19, Stress, and Anxiety in University Undergraduate Students: A Predictive Model for Depression. Front Psychol. 2020;11:595797. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591797
7. Surrati AMQ, Mansuri FMA, Alihabi AAA. Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2020;15(6):536-43. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.10.005
8. Berenzon S, Lara MA, Robles R, Medina-Mora ME. Depresión: Estado del conocimiento y la necesidad de políticas públicas y planes de acción en México. Salud Publica Mex. 2013 [acceso: 20/10/2021]; 55(1):74-80. Disponible en: https://www.scielosp.org/pdf/spm/2013.v55n1/74-80/es
9. Trucco M. Estrés y trastornos mentales: aspectos neurobiológicos y psicosociales. Rev Chil Neuro-Psiquiatría. 2002; 40(2):8-19. DOI: 10.4067/S0717-92272002000600002
10. Sierra J, Ortega V, Zubeidat I. Ansiedad, angustia y estrés: tres conceptos a diferenciar. Rev Mal-Estar e Subjetividade. 2014 [acceso: 20/10/2021]; 3(1):10-59. Disponible en: http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/malestar/v3n1/02.pdf
11. Dhahri AA, Arain SY, Memon AM, Rao A, Mian MA. The psychological impact of COVID-19 on medical education of final year students in Pakistan: A cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg. 2020;60:445-50. DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.11.025
12. Chakraborty T, Subbiah GK, Damade Y. Psychological Distress during COVID-19 Lockdown among Dental Students and Practitioners in India: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Rev Med Hered. 2021; 31(1):68-9. DOI: 10.20453/reh.v31i1.3920
13. Khanagar S, Alfadley A. Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Dental Interns in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Survey. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2020; 13(5):508-12. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1773
14. Alrashed FA, Sattar K, Habib SR, Ahmad T, Al Rashoud AS, Safhi TAY, et al. Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and professional psychomotor skills of dental students. Psychol Res Behav Manag. 2021; 14:675-85. DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s317641
15. Rivera K, Torres G. Salud mental en estudiantes de Odontología durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Inv Ed Méd. 2016; 5(20):230-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.riem.2016.03.001
16. Antony MM, Bieling JP, Cox BJ, Enns MW, Swinson RP. Psychometric Properties of the 42-Item and 21-Item Versions of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales in Clinical Groups and a Community Sample. Psychological Assessment. 1998; 10(2):176-81. DOI: 10.1037/1040-3590.10.2.176
17. Villegas-Maestre JD, Pedraza-Rodríguez EM, Corrales-Reyes IE, Carranza-Esteban RF, Mamani-Benito OJ. Validity and reliability of a depression, anxiety and stress scale in Cuban dental students during the COVID-19 pandemic. SciELO Preprint. 2021 [acceso: 06/12/2021]. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/SciELOPreprints.3308
18. de Medeiros RA, Leal-Vieira D, Freitas-da Silva EV, de Lucas-Rezende LV, Wendel-dos Santos R, Tabata LF. Prevalence of symptoms of temporomandibular disorders, oral behaviors, anxiety, and depression in Dentistry students during the period of social isolation due to COVID-19. J Appl Oral Sci. 2020; 28:e20200445. DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0445
19. Hakami Z, Khanagar SB, Vishwanathaiah S, Hakami A, Bokhari AM, Jabali AH, et al. Psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on dental students: A nationwide study. J Dent Educ. 2021; 85(4):494-503. DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12470
20. Obregón-Morales B, Montalván-Romero JC, Segama-Fabian E, Dámaso-Mata B, Panduro-Correa V, Arteaga-Livias K. Factores asociados a la depresión en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad peruana. Educ Méd Sup. 2020 [acceso: 20/10/2021]; 34(2):e1948. Disponible en: http://www.ems.sld.cu/index.php/ems/article/view/1881
21. Tijerina LZ, González E, Gómez M, Cisneros MA, Rodríguez KY, Ramos EG. Depresión, ansiedad y estrés en estudiantes de nuevo ingreso a la educación superior. Rev Salud Pública Nutr. 2018 [acceso: 20/10/2021]; 17(4):41-7. Disponible en: https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/revsalpubnut/spn-2018/spn184e.pdf
22. Ozamiz-Etxebarria N, Dosil-Santamaría M, Picaza-Gorrochategui M, Idoiaga-Mondragon N. Niveles de estrés, ansiedad y depresión en la primera fase del brote del COVID-19 en una muestra recogida en el norte de España. Cad Saúde Pública. 2020; 36(4):e00054020. DOI: 10.1590/0102-311X00054020
23. Damásio-Moutinho IL, de Castro-Pecci N, Ronald-Kleinsorge M, Lamas-Granero RA, Lucchetti-Cerrato SH, Tibiriçá-da Silva OE, et al. Depression, stress and anxiety in medical students: a cross-sectional comparison between students from different semesters. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2017; 63(1):21-8. DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.63.01.21
24. Cobo-Rendón R, Vega-Valenzuela A, García-Álvarez D. Consideraciones institucionales sobre la salud mental en estudiantes universitarios durante la pandemia de COVID-19. CienciAmérica. 2020; 9(2):1-8. DOI: 10.33210/ca.v9i2.322
Published
2022-03-05
How to Cite
1.
Corrales-Reyes IE, Villegas-Maestre JD, Carranza-Esteban RF, Mamani-Benito OJ. Depression, anxiety and stress in Cuban dental students during the COVID-19 resurgence. Rev Cubana Med Milit [Internet]. 2022 Mar. 5 [cited 2025 Jan. 9];51(1):e02201720. Available from: https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/1720
Issue
Section
Research Article
License
Authors who have publications with this Journal accept the following terms:
- The authors will retain their copyright and guarantee the Journal the right of first publication of their work, which will simultaneously be subject to the Creative Commons Attribution License. The content presented here can be shared, copied and redistributed in any medium or format; Can be adapted, remixed, transformed or created from the material, using the following terms: Attribution (giving appropriate credit to the work, providing a link to the license, and indicating if changes have been made); non-commercial (you cannot use the material for commercial purposes) and share-alike (if you remix, transform or create new material from this work, you can distribute your contribution as long as you use the same license as the original work).
- The authors may adopt other non-exclusive license agreements for the distribution of the published version of the work (for example: depositing it in an institutional electronic archive or publishing it in a monographic volume) as long as the initial publication in this Journal is indicated.
- Authors are allowed and recommended to disseminate their work through the Internet (e.g., in institutional electronic archives or on their website) before and during the submission process, which can produce interesting exchanges and increase citations. of the published work.
