Relationship of anxiety in the university population with the number of deaths from COVID-19
Keywords:
coronavirus, COVID-19, undergraduates, anxiety, deaths.Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 worldwide, has brought with it that the population experienced physical and mental problems, which in extreme cases lead to death and bring with them high levels of anxiety for those who are involved in this type of situation.Objectives: To establish the geographic distribution of the anxiety present in university students in relation to the number of deaths due to COVID-19.
Method: A quantitative, exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted. The population consisted of 720 male and female university students between 17 and 64 years of age, from twenty-three provinces of Ecuador, who were evaluated with the Manifest Anxiety Scale for university students.
Results: One of the main findings was that 12,2 % show evidence of extreme anxiety and 22,9 % clinically significant anxiety. The existence of a significant association between natural regions of Ecuador and the anxiety level of students is identified (p = 0,04). Furthermore, the relationship between deaths from COVID-19 per 100 000 inhabitants per province and anxiety (p = 0,015) is established.
Conclusions: Finally, sex variables, people with whom you live, employment situation, natural regions of Ecuador, cycle of study and university career were related to anxiety levels.
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References
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3. Chan W, Yuan S, Kok H, To W, Chu H, Yang J, et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223):514-23. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30154-9
4. Kang L, Ma S, Chen M, Yang J, Wang Y, Li R, et al. Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain Behav Immun. 2020; 87(1): [aprox. 7 p.]. DOI:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028
5. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho S, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(5):1-25. DOI:10.3390/ijerph17051729
6. Xiang YT, Yang Y, Li W, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Cheung T, et al. Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2020; 7(3): 228-9. DOI:10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30046-8
7. Bennett J, Finkbeiner M, Ban C, Belhabib D, Jupiter D, Kittinger N, et al. The COVID-19 Pandemic, Small-Scale Fisheries and Coastal Fishing Communities. Coast. Manage. 2020; 48(4): 336-47. DOI:10.1080/08920753.2020.1766937
8. Danylyshyn B. The peculiarities of economic crisis due to COVID-19 pandemic in a developing country: case of Ukraine. Problems and Perspectives in Management. 2020; 18(2):13-22. DOI:10.21511/ppm.18(2).2020.02
9. Wilder-Smith A, Freedman O. Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak. J Travel Med. 2020; 27(2):1-4. DOI:10.1093/jtm/taaa020
10. Xiao C. A novel approach of consultation on 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)-related psychological and mental problems: structured letter therapy. Psychiatry Investig. 2020; 17(2):175-176. DOI:10.30773/pi.2020.0047
11. Chen Q, Liang M, Li Y, Guo J, Fei D, Wang L, et al. Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020; 7(4): 15-16. DOI:10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30078-X
12. Menzies RE, Menzies RG. Death anxiety in the time of COVID-19: Theoretical explanations and clinical implications. Cognitive Behaviour Therapist. 2020; 13:1-11. DOI:10.1017/S1754470X20000215
13. Nicola M, Alsafi Z, Sohrabi C, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, Iosifidis C, et al. The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. Int J Surg. 2020; 78(1):85-193. DOI:10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018
14. Araújo de O, de Lima A, Cidade M, Nobre B, Neto R. Impact of Sars-Cov-2 and its reverberation in global higher education and mental health. Psychiatry Res. 2020; 288(1): [aprox. 2 p.]. DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112977
15. Donthu N, Gustafsson A. Effects of COVID-19 on business and research. Journal of Business Research. 2020; 117: 284-9. DOI:10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.06.008
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17. World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard. 2021 [acceso: 17/11/2021]. Disponible en: https://covid19.who.int/
18. Li Y, Wang Y, Jiang J, Valdimarsdóttir UA, Fall K, Fang F, et al. Psychological distress among health professional students during the COVID-19 outbreak. Psychol Med. 2020; 1-3. DOI:10.1017/S0033291720001555
19. Mukhtar S. Psychological health during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic outbreak. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020; 66(5):512-16. DOI:10.1177/0020764020925835
20. De Guzman MJJ, Pastor CKL, Estira KLA, Ventayen RJM, David CE V. Source of stress and cope up mechanism of college students during the lockdown and extreme community quarantine due to COVID-19 Pandemic. J Crit Rev. 2020; 7(12):824-5. DOI:10.31838/jcr.07.12.145
21. Fegert M, Vitiello B, Plener L, Clemens V. Challenges and burden of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for child and adolescent mental health: a narrative review to highlight clinical and research needs in the acute phase and the long return to normality. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2020; 14(1):1-11. DOI:10.1186/s13034-020-00329-3
22. Kaparounaki CK, Patsali ME, Mousa DP V., Papadopoulou EVK, Papadopoulou KKK, Fountoulakis KN. University students' mental health amidst the COVID-19 quarantine in Greece. Psychiatry Research. 2020; 290:113111. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113111
23. Jiang W, Liu X, Zhang J, Feng Z. Mental health status of Chinese residents during the COVID-19 epidemic. BMC psychiatry. 2020; 20(1): 1-14. DOI:10.1186/s12888-020-02966-6.
24. Dhar BK, Ayittey FK, Sarkar SM. Impact of COVID‐19 on Psychology among the University Students. Glob Challenges. 2020; 4(11):2000038. DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202000038
25. Alemany-Arrebola I, Rojas-Ruiz G, Granda-Vera J, Mingorance-Estrada ÁC. Influence of COVID-19 on the Perception of Academic Self-Efficacy, State Anxiety, and Trait Anxiety in College Students. Front Psychol. 2020; 11:1-7. DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.570017
26. Galindo-Vázquez, O. Ramírez-Orozco, M. Costas-Muñiz, R. Mendoza-Contreras, L. A. Calderillo-Ruíz, G. Meneses-García A. Síntomas de ansiedad, depresión y conductas de autocuidado durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en la población general. Gaceta Médica de México. 2020 [acceso: 13/07/2021]; 156(4):261-368. Disponible en: https://www.gacetamedicademexico.com/portadas/gmm_20_156_4.pdf#page=45
27. Mejia C, Quispe-Sancho A, Ccasa-Valero L, Ponce-López V, Varela-Villanueva E, Marticorena-Flores R, et al. Factores asociados al fatalismo ante la COVID-19 en 20 ciudades del Perú en marzo 2020. Rev Habanera Ciencias Médicas. 2020 [acceso: 13/07/2021];19(2):1-13. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/rhcm/v19n2/1729-519X-rhcm-19-02-e3233.pdf
28. Rodríguez-Hidalgo AJ, Pantaleón Y, Dios I, Falla D. Fear of COVID-19, Stress, and Anxiety in University Undergraduate Students: A Predictive Model for Depression. Frontiers in Psychology. 2020; 11:3041. DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591797
29. Sigüenza Campoverde W, Vilchez J. Aumento de los niveles de ansiedad en estudiantes universitarios durante la época de pandemia de la COVID-19. Rev Cubana Med Milit. 2021 [acceso: 13/07/2021]; 50(1):e0210931. Disponible en: http://www.revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/931
30. Reynolds C, Richmond B, Lowe P. Escala de Ansiedad Manifiesta en Adultos-AMAS. México: Manual Moderno; 2007.
31. Ministerio de Salud Pública. Boletines epidemiológicos coronavirus por semanas - Ministerio de Salud Pública. 2020 [acceso: 13/07/2021]. Disponible en: https://www.salud.gob.ec/boletines-epidemiologicos-coronavirus-por-semanas/
32. Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas Censos. Proyecciones Poblacionales. INEC. 2021[acceso: 13/07/2021]. Disponible en: https://www.ecuadorencifras.gob.ec/proyecciones-poblacionales/
33. World Medical Association. Declaración de Helsinki de la AMM. Principios éticos para las investigaciones médicas en seres humanos. 2014 [acceso:13/07/2021]. Disponible en: https://www.wma.net/es/policies-post/declaracion-de-helsinki-de-la-amm-principios-eticos-para-las-investigaciones-medicas-en-seres-humanos/
34. Remes O, Brayne C, van der Linde R, Lafortune L. A systematic review of reviews on the prevalence of anxiety disorders in adult populations. Brain and Behavior. 2016; 6(7): e00497. DOI:10.1002/brb3.497
Published
2022-03-14
How to Cite
1.
Siguenza Campoverde WG, Guamán Aucapiña AL. Relationship of anxiety in the university population with the number of deaths from COVID-19. Rev Cubana Med Milit [Internet]. 2022 Mar. 14 [cited 2025 Jan. 31];51(1):e02201738. Available from: https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/1738
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