Age as a variable associated with severity in patients with COVID-19
Keywords:
COVID-19, age, risk, prognosis, comorbidity.Abstract
Introduction: COVID-19, rocked the world in December 2019. Since its inception, it has been observed that older patients are prone to develop severe forms of the disease.
Objective: To determine the role of age as a variable associated with severity in COVID-19 patients.
Methods: A retrospective cohort analytical study was conducted in 150 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, during March to June 2020. The severity was analyzed according to age groups, and a simple binary logistic regression model was used. Clinical and laboratory variables at hospital admission were summarized for the comparison of two age groups from the optimal cut-off point for age using the ROC curve. The free software R version 4.0.2 (22-06-2020) was used for processing.
Results: The age of the patients had a wide range, with disease severity predominating in the older age groups. The optimal cut-off point calculated was 71.5. Was observed that from 70 years of age onwards patients had greater comorbidity and altered laboratory tests. Likewise, a greater number of symptoms, hospital stay, and number of deaths.
Conclusions: Age is a risk factor associated with severity in patients with COVID-19, which increases significantly after 70 years of age, where a series of factors coexist which, together with advanced age, play an important role in the prognosis.
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References
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2. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, et al. A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(8):727-33. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2001017
3. Wan W. WHO declares a pandemic of Coronavirus disease COVID-19. The Washington Post. 2020. [acceso: 20/5/2021]. Disponible en: https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/2020/03/11/who-declares- pandemic-coronavirus-diseasecovid-19/
4. Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y, Liang W, Ou C, He J, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;(382):1708-20. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
5. Jin Y, Yang H, Ji W, Wu W, Chen S, Zhang W, et al. Virology, epidemiology pathogenesis, and control of COVID-19. Viruses. 2020; 12(4):37212(4): [aprox. 17 p.]. DOI: 10.3390/v12040372
6. Chen G, Wu D, Guo W, Cao Y, Huang D, Wang H, et al. Clinical and immunologic features in severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019. J Clin Invest. 2020;130(5):2620-29. DOI: 10.1172/JCI137244
7. Xie J, Tong Z, Guan X, Du B, Qiu H. Clinical characteristics of patients who died of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. JAMA Netw Open. 2020; 3(4): e205619. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.5619
8. Grasselli G, Zangrillo A, Zanella A, Antonelli M, Cabrini L, Castelli A, et al. Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy region, Italy. JAMA. 2020; 323(16):1574–81. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.5394
9. Ji Kang S, In Jung S. Age-Related Morbidity and Mortality among Patients with COVID-19. Infect Chemother. 2020;52(2): [aprox. 10 p.]. DOI: 10.3947/ic.2020.52.2.154
10. León JL, Calderón M, Gutiérrez A. Análisis de mortalidad y comorbilidad por Covid-19 en Cuba. Rev Cubana Med. 2021 [acceso: 26/9/2021]; 60(2): e2117. [aprox. 17 p.]. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-75232021000200004&lng=es
11. Du RH, Liang LR, Yang CQ, Wang W, Cao TZ., Li, M, et al. Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID19 pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2: a prospective cohort study. Eur Respir J. 2020; 55: 2000524. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00524-2020
12. Onder G, Rezza G, Brusaferro S. Case-Fatality Rate and Characteristics of Patients Dying in Relation to COVID-19 in Italy. JAMA. 2020; 323(18): 1775–6. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.4683
13. Pascual NF, Monge I, Granero I, Figuerola A, Ramasco F, von Wernitz A, et al. Potenciales biomarcadores predictores de mortalidad en pacientes COVID-19 en el Servicio de Urgencias. Rev Esp Quimioter. 2020; 33(4):267-73. DOI: 10.37201/req/060.2020
14. Bonanad C, García-Blas S, Tarazona-Santabalbina F, Sanchis J, Bertomeu-González V, Fácila L, et al. The Effect of Age on Mortality in Patients With COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis With 611,583 Subjects. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020 Jul;21(7):915-918. DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2020.05.045.
15. Malavassi F, Marín W, Clinton C. Lesión Miocárdica en pacientes con infección por COVID-19. Rev. Acta Académica. 2020 [acceso: 21/9/2021]; 66: 93-100. Disponible en: http://revista.uaca.ac.cr/index.php/actas/article/view/343/334
16. China Medical Treatment Expert Group for Covid-19. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. The New Engl J Med. 2020; 382(18)1: 708– 1720. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
17. Ma C, Gu J, Hou P, Zhang L, Bai Y, Guo Z, et al. Incidence, clinical characteristics and prognostic factor of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. medRxiv [preprint]. 2020; [aprox 51 pant.]. DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.17.20037572
18. López Pardo P, Socorro García A, Baztán Cortés JJ. Influencia de la duración de la estancia hospitalaria sobre la mortalidad tras el alta en pacientes mayores con patología médica aguda. Gac Sanit. 2016; 30(5):375–378. DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.04.008
19. Zhang G, Zhang J, Wang B, Zhu X, Wang Q, Qiu S. Analysis of clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of 95 cases of2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a retrospective analysis. Respir Res. 2020; 21(1): [aprox. 10 p.]. DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01338-8
20. Ponti G, Maccaferri M, Ruini C, Tomasi A, Ozben T. Biomarkers associated with COVID-19 disease progression. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2020;57(6): [aprox. 10 p.]. DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2020.1770685
21. Ferrucci L, Fabbri E. Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2018; (15): 505-22. DOI: 10.1038/s41569-018-0064-2
22. Tan L, Wang Q, Zhang D, Ding J, Huang Q, Tang YQ, et al. Lymphopenia predicts disease severity of COVID-19: a descriptive and predictive study. Signal Transduc Target Ther. 2020; 5(1): [aprox. 3 p.]. DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-0148-4
23. Qin C, Zhou L, Hu Z, Zhang S, Yang S, Tao, Y, et al. Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, Clin. Infect. Dis. 2020; 71(15): 762–8. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa248
24. Liu F, Li L, Xu M, Wu J, Luo D, Zhu Y, et al. Prognostic value of interleukin-6, Creactive protein, and procalcitonin in patients with COVID-19. J Clin Virol. 2020; 127: 104370 [aprox. 3 p.]. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104370
25. Sirvent JM, Baro A, Morales M, Sebastian P, Saiz X. Predictive biomarkers of mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Med Intensiva (Engl Ed). 2020; S0210-5691(20):30334-X. DOI: 10.1016/j.medin.2020.09.010
Published
2022-01-15
How to Cite
1.
Herrera Cartaya CE, Lage Dávila A, Betancourt Cervantes J, Barreto Fiu E, Sanchez Valdes L, Hernandez Claro L. Age as a variable associated with severity in patients with COVID-19. Rev Cubana Med Milit [Internet]. 2022 Jan. 15 [cited 2025 Jan. 9];51(1):e02201766. Available from: https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/1766
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