Prevalence of violence against women in rural areas of Peru
Keywords:
rural zone, violence against women, battered women, Peru.Abstract
Introduction: Intimate partner violence is a widespread problem that generates serious consequences for women and society, especially in areas of greater social and economic vulnerability.Objective: To determine the prevalence of violence against women in rural areas of Peru.
Methods: Cross-sectional study, conducted as a secondary analysis of the 2020 Demographic and Family Health Survey. 3,144 records of women aged 15-49 years from rural areas were included. For qualitative variables, unweighted and weighted counts with their 95% confidence intervals were estimated.
Results: 52.3% of rural women experienced some type of violence. Psychological violence was present in 48% of women. Among the expressions, 30.2% reported that the partner got upset when she talked to another man, and 7.8% were threatened. 25.7% suffered physical violence, among its manifestations 22.4% were pushed by their partner, and 1.9% were assaulted with a weapon. 6% of women suffered sexual violence and being forced by the partner was more frequent expression (5.9%).
Conclusions: In rural areas of Peru, intimate partner violence is a very prevalent problem affecting approximately half of all women. Psychological violence is the most frequent, while sexual violence is the least common.
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References
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2. Goyomsa GG, Albe TA, Debela SA, Kitaw LD. Current intimate partner violence and associated factors among sero-positive women attending Adama town ART Clinics, Central Ethiopia 2019. Int J Equity Health. 2022; 21(1):44. DOI: 10.1186/s12939-022-01647-y
3. Bervian G, Costa C, Silva EB, Arboit J, Honnef F. Violencia contra las mujeres rurales: concepciones de profesionales de la red intersectorial de atención. Enferm. glob. 2019; 18(54):144-79. DOI: 10.6018/eglobal.18.2.324811
4. Pérez-Martínez V, Sanz-Barbero B, Ferrer-Cascales R, Bowes N, Ayala A, Sánchez-SanSegundo M, et al. Evaluation of the lights4violence program: reduction in machismo and acceptance of violence among adolescents in Europe. BMC Public Health. 2022; 22(1):426. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12770-4
5. Mannell J, Lowe H, Brown L, Mukerji R, Devakumar D, Gram L, et al. Risk factors for violence against women in high-prevalence settings: a mixed-methods systematic review and meta-synthesis. BMJ Glob Health. 2022; 7(3):e007704. DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-007704
6. Rashid Soron T, Ashiq MAR, Al-Hakeem M, Chowdhury ZF, Uddin Ahmed H, Afrooz Chowdhury C. Domestic Violence and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh. JMIR Form Res. 2021; 5(9):e24624. DOI: 10.2196/24624
7. Arisukwu O, Igbolekwu C, Adebisi T, Akindele F. Perception of domestic violence among rural women in Kuje. Heliyon. 2021; 7(2):e06303. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06303
8. Stoff LW, Bates LM, Schuler SR, Renner LM, Erickson DJ, Osypuk TL. Intimate partner violence and social connection among married women in rural Bangladesh. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2021; 75(12):1202-07. DOI: 10.1136/jech-2020-214843
9. Basar F, Demirci N. Domestic violence against women in Turkey. Pak J Med Sci. 2018; 34(3):660-5. DOI: 10.12669/pjms.343.15139
10. Aslan E, Bodur G, Beji NK, Alkan N, Aksoy Ö. Exposure to domestic violence in women living in Istanbul and Aegean regions: a Turkish sample. Cien Saude Colet. 2019; 24(8):2835-44. DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232018248.22952017
11. Moazen B, Salehi A, Soroush M, Molavi Vardanjani H, Zarrinhaghighi A. Domestic violence against women in Shiraz, South-western Iran. J Inj Violence Res. 2019; 11(2):243-54. DOI: 10.5249/jivr.v11i2.1238
12. Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. Capítulo 12: Violencia contra las mujeres, niñas y niños. Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar. Lima: INEI; 2019 [acceso: 14/06/2022]. Disponible en: https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/E-st/Endes2019/
13. Coronel ALC, Silva HTH. Domestic violence and constipation: an integrative review. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2017; 41:e19. DOI: 10.26633/RPSP.2017
14. Tiravanti-Delgado D, Chuquizuta-Lucero M, Barja-Ore J, Valverde-Espinoza N. Prevalencia y factores asociados a distintos tipos de violencia íntima de pareja en mujeres peruanas. Rev Cub Med Militar. 2021 [acceso: 20/06/2022]; 50(4):e02101562. Disponible en: http://www.revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/1562/1123
15. Ziaei S, Frith AL, Ekström EC, Naved RT. Experiencing Lifetime Domestic Violence: Associations with Mental Health and Stress among Pregnant Women in Rural Bangladesh: The MINIMat Randomized Trial. PLoS One. 2016; 11(12):e0168103. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168103
16. Jatta JW, Baru A, Fawole OI, Ojengbede OA. Intimate partner violence among pregnant women attending antenatal care services in the rural Gambia. PLoS One. 2021; 16(8):e0255723. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255723
17. Aguerrebere M, Frías SM, Smith Fawzi MC, López R, Raviola G. Intimate partner violence types and symptoms of common mental disorders in a rural community of Chiapas, Mexico: Implications for global mental-health practice. PLoS One. 2021; 16(9):e0256850. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256850
18. Ranganathan M, Knight L, Abramsky T, Muvhango L, Polzer Ngwato T, Mbobelatsi M, et al. Associations Between Women's Economic and Social Empowerment and Intimate Partner Violence: Findings From a Microfinance Plus Program in Rural North West Province, South Africa. J Interpers Violence. 2021; 36(15-16):7747-75. DOI: 10.1177/0886260519836952
19. Munro-Kramer ML, Scott N, Boyd CJ, Veliz PT, Murray SM, Musonda G, et al. Postpartum physical intimate partner violence among women in rural Zambia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2018; 143(2):199-204. DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12654
20. Kawuki J, Sserwanja Q, Mukunya D, Sepenu AS, Musaba MW. Prevalence and factors associated with sexual violence among women aged 15-49 years in rural Uganda: evidence from the Uganda Demographic and Health Survey 2016. Public Health. 2021; 196:35-42. DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.05.004
21. Dasgupta A, Saggurti N, Ghule M, Reed E, Donta B, Battala M, Nair S, Ritter J, Gajanan V, Silverman J, Raj A. Associations between intimate partner violence and married women's condom and other contraceptive use in rural India. Sex Health. 2018; 15(5):381-8. DOI: 10.1071/SH17090
22. Aguiar A, Rodrigues L, Dalke R, dos Santos S. Psychological violence against women practiced by intimate partners: a cross-sectional study in a rural area of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, 2017. Epidemiol Serv Saude Brasília. 2021; 30(4):e20201057. DOI: 10.1590/S1679-49742021000400017
23. Stake S, Ahmed S, Tol W, Ahmed S, Begum N, Khanam R, et al. Prevalence, associated factors, and disclosure of intimate partner violence among mothers in rural Bangladesh. J Health Popul Nutr. 2020; 39(1):14. DOI: 10.1186/s41043-020-00223-w
Published
2022-11-12
How to Cite
1.
Hidalgo Ccallo AV, Hernandez Verástegui KA, Barja-Ore J, Chafloque Chavesta JJ. Prevalence of violence against women in rural areas of Peru. Rev Cubana Med Milit [Internet]. 2022 Nov. 12 [cited 2025 Jun. 9];51(4):e02202256. Available from: https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/2256
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