Food consumption during COVID-19 confinement in healthy adults
Keywords:
diet, eating, quarantine, COVID-19, SARS-CoV2, pandemics, review.Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic led to a confinement that could impact on levels of stress, anxiety, and food consumption of the population worldwide. Therefore, a narrative review was performed. The literature search was conducted in the PubMed interface of MEDLINE and the Web of Science Core Collection interface. Articles were included in English, Spanish and Portuguese, between January 2020 and June 2021.
Objective: To describe changes in food consumption during COVID-19 confinement in healthy adults.
Development: Of the 106 articles, 19 met the eligibility criteria. Of the 19 articles analyzed, 9 of them noted an increase in consumption of meats and sausages, cereals, sweet snacks, and sugary drinks. An increase in homemade preparations was found in 5 studies, also 5 of them found a decrease in fast food consumption. No changes in the consumption of dairy, legumes, fruits, vegetables, fish, seafood, water, and alcohol were present according to 7 studies.
Conclusions: There were dietary changes in part of the population, heterogeneously according to food group due to COVID-19 confinement. There was an increase in the consumption of meat and sausages, cereals, sweet snacks, and sugary drinks. Consumption of fast food decreased. There were no changes in the consumption of dairy products, legumes, fruits, vegetables, fish, seafood, water, and alcohol.
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References
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4. Al-Musharaf S, Aljuraiban G, Bogis R, Alnafisah R, Aldhwayan M, Tahrani A. Lifestyle changes associated with COVID-19 quarantine among young Saudi women: A prospective study. PLoS One. 2021; 16(4):e0250625. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250625
5. Ammar A, Brach M, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, Boukhris O, Masmoudi L, et al. Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey. Nutrients. 2020; 12(6):1583. DOI: 10.3390/nu12061583
6. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, McIntyre RS, et al. A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Brain Behav Immun. 2020; 87:40-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.028
7. Zachary Z, Brianna F, Brianna L, Garrett P, Jade W, Alyssa D, et al. Self-quarantine and weight gain related risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2020; 14(3):210-16. DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2020.05.004
8. Pellegrini M, Ponzo V, Rosato R, Scumaci E, Goitre I, Benso A, et al. Changes in Weight and Nutritional Habits in Adults with Obesity during the "Lockdown" Period Caused by the COVID-19 Virus Emergency. Nutrients. 2020; 12(7):2016. DOI: 10.3390/nu12072016
9. Cordain L, Eaton S, Sebastian A, Mann N, Lindeberg S, Watkins BA, et al. Origins and evolution of the Western diet: health implications for the 21st century. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005; 81(2):341-54. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn.81.2.341
10. Higgs S, Thomas J. Social influences on eating. Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2016; 9:1-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.10.005
11. Abenavoli L, Cinaglia P, Lombardo G, Boffoli E, Scida M, Procopio AC, et al. Anxiety and Gastrointestinal Symptoms Related to COVID-19 during Italian Lockdown. J Clin Med. 2021; 10(6):1221. DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061221
12. Ali A, Sohaib M, Iqbal S, Hayat K, Khan AU, Rasool MF. Evaluation of COVID-19 Disease Awareness and Its Relation to Mental Health, Dietary Habits, and Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Study from Pakistan. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2021; 104(5):1687-93. DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1451
13. Yang GY, Lin XL, Fang AP, Zhu HL. Eating Habits and Lifestyles during the Initial Stage of the COVID-19 Lockdown in China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients. 2021; 13(3):970. DOI: 10.3390/nu13030970
14. Celorio-Sardà R, Comas-Basté O, Latorre-Moratalla ML, Zerón-Rugerio MF, Urpi-Sarda M, Illán-Villanueva M, et al. Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Dietary Habits and Lifestyle of Food Science Students and Professionals from Spain. Nutrients. 2021; 13(5):1494. DOI: 10.3390/nu13051494
15. Husain W, Ashkanani F. Does COVID-19 change dietary habits and lifestyle behaviours in Kuwait: a community-based cross-sectional study. Environ Health Prev Med. 2020; 25(1):61. DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00901-5
16. Sánchez E, Lecube A, Bellido D, Monereo S, Malagón MM, Tinahones FJ, On Behalf Of The Spanish Society For The Study Of Obesity. Leading Factors for Weight Gain during COVID-19 Lockdown in a Spanish Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients. 2021; 13(3):894. DOI: 10.3390/nu13030894
17. Yuce G, Muz G. Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on adults' dietary behaviors, physical activity and stress levels. Çukurova Med J. 2021; 46(1):283-91. DOI: 10.17826/cumj.794585
18. Buckland N, Swinnerton L, Kwok N, Price M, Wilkinson L, Myers A, et al. Susceptibility to increased high energy dense sweet and savoury food intake in response to the COVID-19 lockdown: The role of craving control and acceptance coping strategies. Appetite. 2021; 158:105017. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.105017
19. Flanagan EW, Beyl RA, Fearnbach SN, Altazan AD, Martin CK, Redman LM. The Impact of COVID-19 Stay-At-Home Orders on Health Behaviors in Adults. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2021; 29(2):438-45. DOI: 10.1002/oby.23066
20. Sadler JR, Thapaliya G, Jansen E, Aghababian AH, Smith KR, Carnell S. COVID-19 Stress and Food Intake: Protective and Risk Factors for Stress-Related Palatable Food Intake in U.S. Adults. Nutrients. 2021; 13(3):901. DOI: 10.3390/nu13030901
21. Al-Musharaf S, Aljuraiban G, Bogis R, Alnafisah R, Aldhwayan M, Tahrani A. Lifestyle changes associated with COVID-19 quarantine among young Saudi women: A prospective study. PLoS One. 2021; 16(4):e0250625. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250625
22. Kolokotroni O, Mosquera MC, Quattrocchi A, Heraclides A, Demetriou C, Philippou E. Lifestyle habits of adults during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Cyprus: evidence from a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2021; 21(1):786. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10863-0
23. Robinson E, Gillespie S, Jones A. Weight-related lifestyle behaviours and the COVID-19 crisis: An online survey study of UK adults during social lockdown. Obes Sci Pract. 2020; 6(6):735-40. DOI: 10.1002/osp4.442
24. Rossinot H, Fantin R, Venne J. Behavioral Changes During COVID-19 Confinement in France: A Web-Based Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(22):8444. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228444
25. Zhang X, Oluyomi A, Woodard L, Raza SA, Adel Fahmideh M, El-Mubasher O, et al. Individual-Level Determinants of Lifestyle Behavioral Changes during COVID-19 Lockdown in the United States: Results of an Online Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18(8):4364. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084364
26. Du C, Zan M, Cho M, Fenton J, Hsiao P, Hsiao R, et al. The Effects of Sleep Quality and Resilience on Perceived Stress, Dietary Behaviors, and Alcohol Misuse: A Mediation-Moderation Analysis of Higher Education Students from Asia, Europe, and North America during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients. 2021; 13(2):442. DOI: 10.3390/nu13020442
27. Kanbur S. Investigation of the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on employees' psychological symptoms and nutritional habits. Progr Nutr. 2021; 23(1):e2021107. DOI: 10.23751/pn.v23i1.11052
28. Neill E, Meyer D, Toh WL, van Rheenen TE, Phillipou A, Tan EJ, et al. Alcohol use in Australia during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic: Initial results from the COLLATE project. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2020; 74(10):542-9. DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13099
29. Scacchi A, Catozzi D, Boietti E, Bert F, Siliquini R. COVID-19 Lockdown and Self-Perceived Changes of Food Choice, Waste, Impulse Buying and Their Determinants in Italy: Quarant Eat, a Cross-Sectional Study. Foods. 2021; 10(2):306. DOI: 10.3390/foods10020306
30. Cicero A, Fogacci F, Giovannini M, Mezzadri M, Grandi E, Borghi C, et al. COVID-19-Related Quarantine Effect on Dietary Habits in a Northern Italian Rural Population: Data from the Brisighella Heart Study. Nutrients. 2021; 13(2):309. DOI: 10.3390/nu13020309
31. Pérez-Rodrigo C, Gianzo Citores M, Hervás Bárbara G, Ruiz-Litago F, Casis Sáenz L, Arija V, et al. Patterns of Change in Dietary Habits and Physical Activity during Lockdown in Spain Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients. 2021; 13(2):300. DOI: 10.3390/nu13020300
32. Bemanian M, Mæland S, Blomhoff R, Rabben Å, Arnesen E, Skogen J, Fadnes L. Emotional Eating in Relation to Worries and Psychological Distress Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Population-Based Survey on Adults in Norway. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 18(1):130. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010130
33. Coakley K, Le H, Silva S, Wilks A. Anxiety is associated with appetitive traits in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nutr J. 2021; 20(1):45. DOI: 10.1186/s12937-021-00701-9
34. Almandoz JP, Xie L, Schellinger JN, Mathew MS, Bismar N, Ofori A, et al. Substance use, mental health and weight-related behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic in people with obesity. Clin Obes. 2021; 11(2):e12440. DOI: 10.1111/cob.12440
35. Chee MJ, Koziel Ly NK, Anisman H, Matheson K. Piece of Cake: Coping with COVID-19. Nutrients. 2020; 12(12):3803. DOI: 10.3390/nu12123803
36. Khubchandani J, Kandiah J, Saiki D. The COVID-19 Pandemic, Stress, and Eating Practices in the United States. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ. 2020; 10(4): 950-6. DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe10040067
37. Cecchetto C, Aiello M, Gentili C, Ionta S, Osimo SA. Increased emotional eating during COVID-19 associated with lockdown, psychological and social distress. Appetite. 2021; 160:105122. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105122
38. Minsky NC, Pachter D, Zacay G, Chishlevitz N, Ben-Hamo M, Weiner D, Segal-Lieberman G. Managing Obesity in Lockdown: Survey of Health Behaviors and Telemedicine. Nutrients. 2021; 13(4):1359. DOI: 10.3390/nu13041359
39. Ateş Özcan B, Yeşİlkaya B. Efecto adverso de la alimentación emocional desarrollado durante la pandemia COVID-19 sobre la nutrición saludable, un círculo vicioso: Un estudio descriptivo transversal. Rev Española de Nutr Hum y Diet. 2021; 25(Supl.2):e1144. DOI: 10.14306/renhyd.25.S2.1144
40. Al-Musharaf, S. Prevalence and Predictors of Emotional Eating among Healthy Young Saudi Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients. 2020; 12(10):2923. DOI: 10.3390/nu12102923
41. Kaufman-Shriqui V, Navarro DA, Raz O, Boaz M. Dietary changes and anxiety during the coronavirus pandemic: a multinational survey. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2022; 76(1):84-92. DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00897-3
42. Bakaloudi DR, Jeyakumar DT, Jayawardena R, Chourdakis M. The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on snacking habits, fast-food and alcohol consumption: A systematic review of the evidence. Clin Nutr. 2021; 41(12):3038-45. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.04.020
43. Di Renzo L, Gualtieri P, Pivari F, Soldati L, Attinà A, Cinelli G, et al. Eating habits and lifestyle changes during COVID-19 lockdown: an Italian survey. J Transl Med. 2020; 18(1):229. DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02399-5
44. Del Pozo de la Calle S, Alonso Ledesma I, Nuñez O, Castelló Pastor A, Lope Carvajal V, Fernández de Larrea Baz N, et al. Composition and Nutritional Quality of the Diet in Spanish Households during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients. 2021; 13(5):1443. DOI: 10.3390/nu13051443
45. Poskute AS, Nzesi A, Geliebter A. Changes in food intake during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City. Appetite. 2021; 163:105191. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105191
46. Izzo L, Santonastaso A, Cotticelli G, Federico A, Pacifico S, Castaldo L, et al. An Italian Survey on Dietary Habits and Changes during the COVID-19 Lockdown. Nutrients 2021; 13(4):1197. DOI: 10.3390/nu13041197
2. Bedford J, Enria D, Giesecke J, Heymann D, Ihekweazu C, Kobinger G, et al. COVID-19: towards controlling of a pandemic. Lancet. 2020; 395(10229): 1015-18. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30673-5
3. Ali A, Sohaib M, Iqbal S, Hayat K, Khan AU, Rasool MF. Evaluation of COVID-19 Disease Awareness and Its Relation to Mental Health, Dietary Habits, and Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Study from Pakistan. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2021; 104(5):1687-93. DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1451
4. Al-Musharaf S, Aljuraiban G, Bogis R, Alnafisah R, Aldhwayan M, Tahrani A. Lifestyle changes associated with COVID-19 quarantine among young Saudi women: A prospective study. PLoS One. 2021; 16(4):e0250625. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250625
5. Ammar A, Brach M, Trabelsi K, Chtourou H, Boukhris O, Masmoudi L, et al. Effects of COVID-19 Home Confinement on Eating Behaviour and Physical Activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 International Online Survey. Nutrients. 2020; 12(6):1583. DOI: 10.3390/nu12061583
6. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, McIntyre RS, et al. A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Brain Behav Immun. 2020; 87:40-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.04.028
7. Zachary Z, Brianna F, Brianna L, Garrett P, Jade W, Alyssa D, et al. Self-quarantine and weight gain related risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2020; 14(3):210-16. DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2020.05.004
8. Pellegrini M, Ponzo V, Rosato R, Scumaci E, Goitre I, Benso A, et al. Changes in Weight and Nutritional Habits in Adults with Obesity during the "Lockdown" Period Caused by the COVID-19 Virus Emergency. Nutrients. 2020; 12(7):2016. DOI: 10.3390/nu12072016
9. Cordain L, Eaton S, Sebastian A, Mann N, Lindeberg S, Watkins BA, et al. Origins and evolution of the Western diet: health implications for the 21st century. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005; 81(2):341-54. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn.81.2.341
10. Higgs S, Thomas J. Social influences on eating. Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2016; 9:1-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.10.005
11. Abenavoli L, Cinaglia P, Lombardo G, Boffoli E, Scida M, Procopio AC, et al. Anxiety and Gastrointestinal Symptoms Related to COVID-19 during Italian Lockdown. J Clin Med. 2021; 10(6):1221. DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061221
12. Ali A, Sohaib M, Iqbal S, Hayat K, Khan AU, Rasool MF. Evaluation of COVID-19 Disease Awareness and Its Relation to Mental Health, Dietary Habits, and Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Study from Pakistan. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2021; 104(5):1687-93. DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-1451
13. Yang GY, Lin XL, Fang AP, Zhu HL. Eating Habits and Lifestyles during the Initial Stage of the COVID-19 Lockdown in China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients. 2021; 13(3):970. DOI: 10.3390/nu13030970
14. Celorio-Sardà R, Comas-Basté O, Latorre-Moratalla ML, Zerón-Rugerio MF, Urpi-Sarda M, Illán-Villanueva M, et al. Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Dietary Habits and Lifestyle of Food Science Students and Professionals from Spain. Nutrients. 2021; 13(5):1494. DOI: 10.3390/nu13051494
15. Husain W, Ashkanani F. Does COVID-19 change dietary habits and lifestyle behaviours in Kuwait: a community-based cross-sectional study. Environ Health Prev Med. 2020; 25(1):61. DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00901-5
16. Sánchez E, Lecube A, Bellido D, Monereo S, Malagón MM, Tinahones FJ, On Behalf Of The Spanish Society For The Study Of Obesity. Leading Factors for Weight Gain during COVID-19 Lockdown in a Spanish Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients. 2021; 13(3):894. DOI: 10.3390/nu13030894
17. Yuce G, Muz G. Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on adults' dietary behaviors, physical activity and stress levels. Çukurova Med J. 2021; 46(1):283-91. DOI: 10.17826/cumj.794585
18. Buckland N, Swinnerton L, Kwok N, Price M, Wilkinson L, Myers A, et al. Susceptibility to increased high energy dense sweet and savoury food intake in response to the COVID-19 lockdown: The role of craving control and acceptance coping strategies. Appetite. 2021; 158:105017. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.105017
19. Flanagan EW, Beyl RA, Fearnbach SN, Altazan AD, Martin CK, Redman LM. The Impact of COVID-19 Stay-At-Home Orders on Health Behaviors in Adults. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2021; 29(2):438-45. DOI: 10.1002/oby.23066
20. Sadler JR, Thapaliya G, Jansen E, Aghababian AH, Smith KR, Carnell S. COVID-19 Stress and Food Intake: Protective and Risk Factors for Stress-Related Palatable Food Intake in U.S. Adults. Nutrients. 2021; 13(3):901. DOI: 10.3390/nu13030901
21. Al-Musharaf S, Aljuraiban G, Bogis R, Alnafisah R, Aldhwayan M, Tahrani A. Lifestyle changes associated with COVID-19 quarantine among young Saudi women: A prospective study. PLoS One. 2021; 16(4):e0250625. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250625
22. Kolokotroni O, Mosquera MC, Quattrocchi A, Heraclides A, Demetriou C, Philippou E. Lifestyle habits of adults during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Cyprus: evidence from a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2021; 21(1):786. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10863-0
23. Robinson E, Gillespie S, Jones A. Weight-related lifestyle behaviours and the COVID-19 crisis: An online survey study of UK adults during social lockdown. Obes Sci Pract. 2020; 6(6):735-40. DOI: 10.1002/osp4.442
24. Rossinot H, Fantin R, Venne J. Behavioral Changes During COVID-19 Confinement in France: A Web-Based Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(22):8444. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228444
25. Zhang X, Oluyomi A, Woodard L, Raza SA, Adel Fahmideh M, El-Mubasher O, et al. Individual-Level Determinants of Lifestyle Behavioral Changes during COVID-19 Lockdown in the United States: Results of an Online Survey. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18(8):4364. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084364
26. Du C, Zan M, Cho M, Fenton J, Hsiao P, Hsiao R, et al. The Effects of Sleep Quality and Resilience on Perceived Stress, Dietary Behaviors, and Alcohol Misuse: A Mediation-Moderation Analysis of Higher Education Students from Asia, Europe, and North America during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients. 2021; 13(2):442. DOI: 10.3390/nu13020442
27. Kanbur S. Investigation of the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on employees' psychological symptoms and nutritional habits. Progr Nutr. 2021; 23(1):e2021107. DOI: 10.23751/pn.v23i1.11052
28. Neill E, Meyer D, Toh WL, van Rheenen TE, Phillipou A, Tan EJ, et al. Alcohol use in Australia during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic: Initial results from the COLLATE project. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2020; 74(10):542-9. DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13099
29. Scacchi A, Catozzi D, Boietti E, Bert F, Siliquini R. COVID-19 Lockdown and Self-Perceived Changes of Food Choice, Waste, Impulse Buying and Their Determinants in Italy: Quarant Eat, a Cross-Sectional Study. Foods. 2021; 10(2):306. DOI: 10.3390/foods10020306
30. Cicero A, Fogacci F, Giovannini M, Mezzadri M, Grandi E, Borghi C, et al. COVID-19-Related Quarantine Effect on Dietary Habits in a Northern Italian Rural Population: Data from the Brisighella Heart Study. Nutrients. 2021; 13(2):309. DOI: 10.3390/nu13020309
31. Pérez-Rodrigo C, Gianzo Citores M, Hervás Bárbara G, Ruiz-Litago F, Casis Sáenz L, Arija V, et al. Patterns of Change in Dietary Habits and Physical Activity during Lockdown in Spain Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients. 2021; 13(2):300. DOI: 10.3390/nu13020300
32. Bemanian M, Mæland S, Blomhoff R, Rabben Å, Arnesen E, Skogen J, Fadnes L. Emotional Eating in Relation to Worries and Psychological Distress Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Population-Based Survey on Adults in Norway. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 18(1):130. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010130
33. Coakley K, Le H, Silva S, Wilks A. Anxiety is associated with appetitive traits in university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nutr J. 2021; 20(1):45. DOI: 10.1186/s12937-021-00701-9
34. Almandoz JP, Xie L, Schellinger JN, Mathew MS, Bismar N, Ofori A, et al. Substance use, mental health and weight-related behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic in people with obesity. Clin Obes. 2021; 11(2):e12440. DOI: 10.1111/cob.12440
35. Chee MJ, Koziel Ly NK, Anisman H, Matheson K. Piece of Cake: Coping with COVID-19. Nutrients. 2020; 12(12):3803. DOI: 10.3390/nu12123803
36. Khubchandani J, Kandiah J, Saiki D. The COVID-19 Pandemic, Stress, and Eating Practices in the United States. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ. 2020; 10(4): 950-6. DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe10040067
37. Cecchetto C, Aiello M, Gentili C, Ionta S, Osimo SA. Increased emotional eating during COVID-19 associated with lockdown, psychological and social distress. Appetite. 2021; 160:105122. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105122
38. Minsky NC, Pachter D, Zacay G, Chishlevitz N, Ben-Hamo M, Weiner D, Segal-Lieberman G. Managing Obesity in Lockdown: Survey of Health Behaviors and Telemedicine. Nutrients. 2021; 13(4):1359. DOI: 10.3390/nu13041359
39. Ateş Özcan B, Yeşİlkaya B. Efecto adverso de la alimentación emocional desarrollado durante la pandemia COVID-19 sobre la nutrición saludable, un círculo vicioso: Un estudio descriptivo transversal. Rev Española de Nutr Hum y Diet. 2021; 25(Supl.2):e1144. DOI: 10.14306/renhyd.25.S2.1144
40. Al-Musharaf, S. Prevalence and Predictors of Emotional Eating among Healthy Young Saudi Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients. 2020; 12(10):2923. DOI: 10.3390/nu12102923
41. Kaufman-Shriqui V, Navarro DA, Raz O, Boaz M. Dietary changes and anxiety during the coronavirus pandemic: a multinational survey. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2022; 76(1):84-92. DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-00897-3
42. Bakaloudi DR, Jeyakumar DT, Jayawardena R, Chourdakis M. The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on snacking habits, fast-food and alcohol consumption: A systematic review of the evidence. Clin Nutr. 2021; 41(12):3038-45. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.04.020
43. Di Renzo L, Gualtieri P, Pivari F, Soldati L, Attinà A, Cinelli G, et al. Eating habits and lifestyle changes during COVID-19 lockdown: an Italian survey. J Transl Med. 2020; 18(1):229. DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02399-5
44. Del Pozo de la Calle S, Alonso Ledesma I, Nuñez O, Castelló Pastor A, Lope Carvajal V, Fernández de Larrea Baz N, et al. Composition and Nutritional Quality of the Diet in Spanish Households during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients. 2021; 13(5):1443. DOI: 10.3390/nu13051443
45. Poskute AS, Nzesi A, Geliebter A. Changes in food intake during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City. Appetite. 2021; 163:105191. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105191
46. Izzo L, Santonastaso A, Cotticelli G, Federico A, Pacifico S, Castaldo L, et al. An Italian Survey on Dietary Habits and Changes during the COVID-19 Lockdown. Nutrients 2021; 13(4):1197. DOI: 10.3390/nu13041197
Published
2023-03-01
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Rojas Calisto JP, Doepking Mella CE, Jiménez Torres SR. Food consumption during COVID-19 confinement in healthy adults. Rev Cubana Med Milit [Internet]. 2023 Mar. 1 [cited 2025 Mar. 14];52(2):e02309296. Available from: https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/2296
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