Factors associated with the presence of gram-negative bacteria in cell phones of merchants in a market
Keywords:
cell phone, bacterial contamination, bacterial resistance, community, market.Abstract
Introduction: The advancement of technology has made the cell phone a fundamental part of daily life and a potential carrier of bacteria.Objective: To evaluate the factors associated with the presence of gram-negative bacteria in the cell phones of the merchants of the main market of the city of Huanuco, Peru.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out. The sample consisted of 116 merchants and was obtained by stratified probabilistic sampling. Samples of their cell phones were taken and cultured manually, and sensitivity was determined with antibiogram discs. The instrument was the validated collection card (81%). Stata v.16 software was used for the analysis, using chi-square and Mann Whitney U.
Results: 17.2% of the cell phones had growth of Gram-negative bacteria. The bivariate analysis with this variable found that sex, type of cell phone and the longest time of use during working hours were statistically associated (p< 0.05).
Conclusions: The female gender, having a cell phone with a keyboard and the highest frequency of use are variables associated with the colonization of gram-negative germs in cell phones of vendors in the Huanuco, Peru market.
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References
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2. Banawas S, Abdel-Hadi A, Alaidarous M, Alshehri B, Dukhyil AAB, Alsaweed M, et al. Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Associated with Cell Phones of Healthcare Professionals in Selected Hospitals in Saudi Arabia. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2018; 2018:6598918. DOI: 10.1155/2018/6598918
3. Bhoonderowa A, Gookool S, Biranjia-Hurdoyal SD. The importance of mobile phones in the possible transmission of bacterial infections in the community. J Community Health. 2014; 39(5):965-7. DOI: 10.1007/s10900-014-9838-6
4. Borer A, Gilad J, Smolyakov R, Eskira S, Peled N, Porat N, et al. Cell Phones and Acinetobacter Transmission. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005; 11(7):1160-1. DOI: 10.3201/eid1107.050221
5. Galazzi A, Panigada M, Broggi E, Grancini A, Adamini I, Binda F, et al. Microbiological colonization of healthcare workers' mobile phones in a tertiary-level Italian intensive care unit. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2019; 52:17-21. DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2019.01.005
6. Astocondor-Salazar L. Betalactamasas: la evolución del problema. Rev Peru Investig En Salud. 2018; 2(2):42-49. DOI: 10.35839/repis.2.2.224
7. Debnath T, Bhowmik S, Islam T, Hassan Chowdhury MM. Presence of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria on Mobile Phones of Healthcare Workers Accelerates the Spread of Nosocomial Infection and Regarded as a Threat to Public Health in Bangladesh. J Microsc Ultrastruct. 2018; 6(3):165-9. DOI: 10.4103/JMAU.JMAU_30_18
8. Loyola S, Gutierrez L, Avendaño E, Severino N, Tamariz J. Multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from cell phones in five intensive care units: Exploratory dispersion analysis. Germs. 2018; 8(2):85-91. DOI: 10.18683/germs.2018.1135
9. Nieto-Carhuamaca A, Castañeda-Japan J, Dámaso-Mata B, Panduro-Correa V, Arteaga-Livias K. Bacterial resistance in cell phone cultures of medical students. Infez Med. 2019 [acceso: 20/10/2022]; 27(4):374-379. Disponible en: https://www.infezmed.it/media/journal/Vol_27_4_2019_3.pdf
10. Egert M, Späth K, Weik K, Kunzelmann H, Horn C, Kohl M, et al. Bacteria on smartphone touchscreens in a German university setting and evaluation of two popular cleaning methods using commercially available cleaning products. Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2015; 60(2):159-64. DOI: 10.1007/s12223-014-0350-2
11. Cortez-Sandoval V, González R, Ramos D. Detección de enterobacterias productoras de β-lactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) aisladas en carne de pollo de mercados de abasto de un distrito de Lima, Perú. Rev Inv Vet Perú 2022; 33(3): e22899. DOI: 10.15381/rivep.v33i3.22899
12. Akinyemi KO, Atapu AD, Adetona OO, Coker AO. The potential role of mobile phones in the spread of bacterial infections. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2009; 3(8):628-32. DOI: 10.3855/jidc.556
13. Angadi KM, Misra R, Gupta U, Jadhav S, Sardar M. Study of the role of mobile phones in the transmission of Hospital acquired infections. Med J Dr Patil Univ. 2014; 7(4):435. DOI: 10.4103/0975-2870.135256
14. Walia SS, Manchanda A, Narang RS, Singh B, Kahlon SS. Cellular telephone as reservoir of bacterial contamination: myth or fact. J Clin Diagn Res JCDR. 2014; 8(1):50-53. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/6398.3948
15. Jansen AS, Balbinot GC, Daur AV, da Silva ACF, Nogueira KS, Fernandes T, et al. Detection of potentially pathogenic bacteria on cell phones of hospital and university-based populations in Curitiba, southern Brazil. A cross-sectional study. Sao Paulo Med J Rev Paul Med. 2019; 137(4):343-8. DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2018.044305072019
16. Bodena D, Teklemariam Z, Balakrishnan S, Tesfa T. Bacterial contamination of mobile phones of health professionals in Eastern Ethiopia: antimicrobial susceptibility and associated factors. Trop Med Health. 2019; 47:15. DOI: 10.1186/s41182-019-0144-y
17. Volkoff SJ, McCumber AW, Anderson DJ, Gunsch CK. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria on personal devices in hospital intensive care units: Molecular approaches to quantifying and describing changes in the bacterial community of personal mobile devices. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2019; 40(6):717-20. DOI: 10.1017/ice.2019.56
18. Cicciarella Modica D, Maurici M, D'Alò GL, Mozzetti C, Messina A, Distefano A, et al. Taking Screenshots of the Invisible: A Study on Bacterial Contamination of Mobile Phones from University Students of Healthcare Professions in Rome, Italy. Microorganisms. 2020; 8(7):E1075. DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071075
19. Simmonds R, Lee D, Hayhurst E. Mobile phones as fomites for potential pathogens in hospitals: microbiome analysis reveals hidden contaminants. J Hosp Infect. 2020; 104(2):207-13. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.09.010
20. Bhardwaj N, Khatri M, Bhardwaj SK, Sonne C, Deep A, Kim KH. A review on mobile phones as bacterial reservoirs in healthcare environments and potential device decontamination approaches. Environ Res. 2020; 186:109569. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109569
21. Nakitanda AO, Karlsson P, Löfling L, Cesta CE, Odsbu I. Antimicrobial use in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic: prescription fill and inpatient care requisition patterns. BMC Infect Dis. 2022; 22(1):492. DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07405-3
22. Wu YH, Chen CJ, Wu HY, et al. Plastic wrap combined with alcohol wiping is an effective method of preventing bacterial colonization on mobile phones. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020; 99(44):e22910. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000022910
Published
2022-12-15
How to Cite
1.
Alvarado-Garcia A, Suárez-Mamani M, Dámaso-Mata B, Panduro-Correa V, Maguiña JL, Pecho-Silva S, et al. Factors associated with the presence of gram-negative bacteria in cell phones of merchants in a market. Rev Cubana Med Milit [Internet]. 2022 Dec. 15 [cited 2025 Apr. 3];51(4):e02202304. Available from: https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/2304
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