Prediction of handgrip strength from health indicators in schoolchildren
Keywords:
child, chronic disease, hand strength, linear models.Abstract
Introduction: The exponential increase in overweight/obesity in adolescents reflects an increase in morbidity and mortality indicators that are expressed in adults. There are health indicators that can be modified to avoid future illnesses.Objective: To determine the indicators that influence grip strength in Chilean students.
Methods: Observational, correlational design. The study population corresponded to 217 schoolchildren between 7 and 14 years of age. The sample was selected for convenience. The independent variables were age, sex, body mass index, waist-height index, and waist circumference. All measurements and data collection were carried out in a private space where the evaluator and the evaluated person were. Linear regression was carried out with the data to establish which indicators predict the force of manual pressure.
Results: Three linear regression models were significant. The first model (R2= 0.72; p= 0.001) includes the variables body mass index (p= 0.001), waist circumference (p= 0.001), and waist-height index (p= 0.001) adjusted by gender (p= 0.022) and age (p= 0.001). The second model (R2= 0.64; p= 0.001) considers the body mass index (p= 0.001), gender (p= 0.016), and age (p= 0.001). The third model (R2= 0.61; p= 0.001) involves waist circumference (p= 0.002), gender (p= 0.046), and age (p= 0.001).
Conclusion: The variable handgrip strength is explained in 72% by age, sex, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio.
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References
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20. Triana-Reina HR, Ortiz-Pacheco LE, Ramírez-Vélez R. Lower grip strength values are associated with increased levels of adiposity and excess weight: a cross-sectional study. Nutr Hosp. 2022; 39(4):752-9. DOI: 10.20960/nh.04004
21. Heinicke G, Clay R, DeCato TW. Six-Minute-Walk Testing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021; 204(3):5-6. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.2043P5
22. Fiori F, Bravo G, Parpinel M, Messina G, Malavolta R, Lazzer S. Relationship between body mass index and physical fitness in Italian prepubertal schoolchildren. PLoS One. 2020; 15(5):e0233362. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233362
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24. Borga M, West J, Bell JD, Harvey NC, Romu T, Heymsfield SB, et al. Advanced body composition assessment: from body mass index to body composition profiling. J Investig Med. 2018; 66(5):1-9. DOI: 10.1136/jim-2018-000722
25. Moreno González MI. Circunferencia de cintura: una medición importante y útil del riesgo cardiometabólico. Rev Chil Cardiol. 2010; 29(1):85-7. DOI: 10.4067/S0718-85602010000100008
26. Brandsma JW, Schreuders TA, Birke JA, Piefer A, Oostendorp R. Manual muscle strength testing: intraobserver and interobserver reliabilities for the intrinsic muscles of the hand. J Hand Ther. 1995; 8(3):185-90. DOI: 10.1016/s0894-1130(12)80014-7
27. Gómez-Campos R, Andruske CL, Arruda M de, Sulla-Torres J, Pacheco-Carrillo J, Urra-Albornoz C, et al. Normative data for handgrip strength in children and adolescents in the Maule Region, Chile: Evaluation based on chronological and biological age. PloS One. 2018; 13(8):e0201033. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201033
28. Jubran A. Pulse oximetry. Crit Care Lond Engl. 2015; 19:272. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-0984-8
29. Gómez-León Mandujano A, Morales López S, Álvarez Díaz C de J. Técnica para una correcta toma de la presión arterial en el paciente ambulatorio. Rev Fac Med México. 2016 [acceso: 22/12/2022]; 59(3):49-55. Disponible en: https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/facmed/v59n3/2448-4865-facmed-59-03-49.pdf
30. Cebanu M, Sadovici-Bobeica V, Salaru V, Garabajiu M, Ciobanu G. Borg dyspnea scale and 6 minute Walk Test could be useful tools for assessing respiratory involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. Eur Respiratory Journal. 2018; 52(suppl 62):13993003. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.PA2484
31. Rodríguez-Núñez I, Mondaca F, Casas B, Ferreira C, Zenteno D, Rodríguez-Núñez I, et al. Valores normales del test de marcha de 6 minutos en niños y adolescentes sanos: Una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis. Rev Chil Pediatría. 2018; 89(1):128-36. DOI: 10.4067/S0370-41062018000100128
32. Chen G, Chen J, Liu J, Hu Y, Liu Y. Relationship between body mass index and physical fitness of children and adolescents in Xinjiang, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2022; 22(1):1-11. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14089-6
33. Escalona D'a P, Naranjo O J, Lagos S V, Solís FF. Parámetros de Normalidad en Fuerzas de Prensión de Mano en Sujetos de Ambos Sexos de 7 a 17 Años de Edad. Rev Chil Pediatría. 2009; 80(5):435-43. DOI: 10.4067/S0370-41062009000500005
34. López-Gil JF, Cavero-Redondo I, Sánchez-López M, Martínez-Hortelano JA, Berlanga-Macias C, Soriano-Cano A, et al. The moderating role of physical fitness in the relationship between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and adiposity in schoolchildren. Sci Rep. 2022; 12(1):18630. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23092-1
35. Nakandala P, Manchanayake J, Narampanawa J, Neeraja T, Sivanolipathan P, Mafahir M, et al. Descriptive study of hand grip strength and factors associated with it in a group of young undergraduate students in university of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka who are not participating in regular physical training. 2019; 6(3):183876. DOI: 10.15621/ijphy/2019/v6i3/183876
36. Aguilar-Cordero MJ, Rodríguez-Blanque R, Levet Hernández C, Inzunza-Noack J, Sánchez-García JC, Noack-Segovia J. Physical Exercise to Improve Functional Capacity: Randomized Clinical Trial in Bariatric Surgery Population. J Clin Med. 2022; 11(15):4621. DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154621
37. Palacio-Agüero A, Díaz-Torrente X, Quintiliano Scarpelli Dourado D. Relative handgrip strength, nutritional status and abdominal obesity in Chilean adolescents. Plos One. 2020; 15(6):e0234316. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234316
2. Ribeiro O, Trindade L de L, Silva JMAV, Faria A da CA. Prática profissional no contexto hospitalar: visão de enfermeiros sobre contribuições das concepções de Dorothea Orem. Rev Enferm UFSM. 2021; 11:e28. DOI: 10.5902/2179769254723
3. de Araújo Amaral C, Amaral TLM, Monteiro GTR, de Vasconcellos MTL, Portela MC. Factors associated with low handgrip strength in older people: data of the Study of Chronic Diseases (Edoc-I). BMC Public Health. 2020; 20(1):395. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08504-z
4. Smith MP, Standl M, Berdel D, von Berg A, Bauer CP, Schikowski T, et al. Handgrip strength is associated with improved spirometry in adolescents. PloS One. 2018; 13(4):e0194560. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194560
5. Pimentel CFMG, Amaral AC de C, Gonzalez AM, Lai M, Mota D de O, Ferraz MLG, et al. Six-minute walking test performance is associated with survival in cirrhotic patients. World J Hepatol. 2021; 13(11):1791-801. DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i11.1791
6. Udomittipong K, Thabungkan T, Nimmannit A, Tovichien P, Charoensitisup P, Mahoran K. Obesity Indices for Predicting Functional Fitness in Children and Adolescents With Obesity. Front Pediatr. 2021; 9. DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.789290
7. Zermeño-Ugalde P, Gallegos-García V, Ramírez RAC, Gaytán-Hernández D. Relación del índice cintura-estatura (ICE) con circunferencia cintura e índice de cintura cadera como predictor para obesidad y riesgo metabólico en adolescentes de secundaria. Rev Salud Pública Nutr. 2020; 19(3):19-27. DOI: 10.29105/respyn19.3-3
8. Choi JR, Koh SB, Choi E. Waist-to-height ratio index for predicting incidences of hypertension: the ARIRANG study. BMC Public Health. 2018; 18(1):1-6. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5662-8
9. Romero-Dapueto C, Mahn J, Cavada G, Daza R, Ulloa V, Antúnez M, et al. Estandarización de la fuerza de prensión manual en adultos chilenos sanos mayores de 20 años. Rev Médica Chile. 2019; 147(6):741-50. DOI: 10.4067/S0034-98872019000600741
10. Fragala MS, Cadore EL, Dorgo S, Izquierdo M, Kraemer WJ, Peterson MD, et al. Resistance Training for Older Adults: Position Statement From the National Strength and Conditioning Association. J Strength Cond Res. 2019; 33(8):2019-52. DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003230
11. Marrodán Serrano MD, Romero Collazos JF, Moreno Romero S, Mesa Santurino MS, Cabañas Armesilla MD, Pacheco Del Cerro JL, et al. Handgrip strength in children and teenagers aged from 6 to 18 years: reference values and relationship with size and body composition. An Pediatr Barc Spain. 2009; 70(4):340-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2008.11.025
12. Pidala J, Chai X, Martin P, Inamoto Y, Cutler C, Palmer J, et al. Hand grip strength and 2-minute walk test in chronic graft-versus-host disease assessment: analysis from the Chronic GVHD Consortium. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2013; 19(6):967-72. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2013.03.014
13. Ciudin A, Simó-Servat A, Palmas F, Barahona MJ. Obesidad sarcopénica: un nuevo reto en la clínica práctica. Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr. 2020; 67(10):672-81. DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2020.03.004
14. Chacín M, Carrillo S, Rodríguez JE, Salazar J, Rojas J, Añez R, Angarita L, et al. Obesidad Infantil: Un problema de pequeños que se está volviendo grande. Rev Latinoam Hipertens. 2019 [acceso: 22/12/2022]; 14(5):616-23. Disponible en: https://revhipertension.com/rlh_5_2019/16_obesidad_infantil_problema.pdf
15. Lira M. Informe Mapa Nutricional 2020. JUNAEB. 2021. [acceso: 22/12/2022]. Disponible en: https://www.junaeb.cl/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Informe-Mapa-Nutricional-2020.pdf
16. Lopes VP, Malina RM, Gomez-Campos R, Cossio-Bolaños M, Arruda M de, Hobold E. Body mass index and physical fitness in Brazilian adolescents. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2019; 95:358-65. DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2018.04.003
17. Oliosa PR, Zaniqueli D dos A, Barbosa MCR, Mill JG. Relationship between body composition and dyslipidemia in children and adolescentes. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. 2019; 24:3743-52. DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320182410.17662017
18. Palafox ML, Celis L, Romero C, Russi A, Hinojosa Juarez A, Almonacid Urrego C, et al. Identification of metabolic indicators for cardiovascular risk in schoolchildren. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2019; 70(1):89-96. DOI: 10.32394/rpzh.2019.0058
19. Marrodán M, Martínez Álvarez J, González-Montero De Espinosa M, López-Ejeda N, Cabañas M, Pacheco J, et al. Adiposity assessment from waist to height ratio: prediction equations for Spanish infant population. Nutr Clínica Dietética Hosp. 2011 [acceso: 22/12/2022];31(3):45-51. Disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288689925_Adiposity_assessment_from-_waist_to_height_ratio_Prediction_equations_for_Spanish_infant_population
20. Triana-Reina HR, Ortiz-Pacheco LE, Ramírez-Vélez R. Lower grip strength values are associated with increased levels of adiposity and excess weight: a cross-sectional study. Nutr Hosp. 2022; 39(4):752-9. DOI: 10.20960/nh.04004
21. Heinicke G, Clay R, DeCato TW. Six-Minute-Walk Testing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021; 204(3):5-6. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.2043P5
22. Fiori F, Bravo G, Parpinel M, Messina G, Malavolta R, Lazzer S. Relationship between body mass index and physical fitness in Italian prepubertal schoolchildren. PLoS One. 2020; 15(5):e0233362. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233362
23. Asociación Médica Mundial. Declaración de Helsinki de la AMM - Principios éticos para las investigaciones médicas en seres humanos. AMM, Políticas actuales. [actualizado: 21/03/2017; acceso: 22/12/2022]. Disponible en: https://www.wma.net/es/policies-post/declaracion-de-helsinki-de-la-amm-principios-eticos-para-las-investigaciones-medicas-en-seres-humanos/
24. Borga M, West J, Bell JD, Harvey NC, Romu T, Heymsfield SB, et al. Advanced body composition assessment: from body mass index to body composition profiling. J Investig Med. 2018; 66(5):1-9. DOI: 10.1136/jim-2018-000722
25. Moreno González MI. Circunferencia de cintura: una medición importante y útil del riesgo cardiometabólico. Rev Chil Cardiol. 2010; 29(1):85-7. DOI: 10.4067/S0718-85602010000100008
26. Brandsma JW, Schreuders TA, Birke JA, Piefer A, Oostendorp R. Manual muscle strength testing: intraobserver and interobserver reliabilities for the intrinsic muscles of the hand. J Hand Ther. 1995; 8(3):185-90. DOI: 10.1016/s0894-1130(12)80014-7
27. Gómez-Campos R, Andruske CL, Arruda M de, Sulla-Torres J, Pacheco-Carrillo J, Urra-Albornoz C, et al. Normative data for handgrip strength in children and adolescents in the Maule Region, Chile: Evaluation based on chronological and biological age. PloS One. 2018; 13(8):e0201033. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201033
28. Jubran A. Pulse oximetry. Crit Care Lond Engl. 2015; 19:272. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-0984-8
29. Gómez-León Mandujano A, Morales López S, Álvarez Díaz C de J. Técnica para una correcta toma de la presión arterial en el paciente ambulatorio. Rev Fac Med México. 2016 [acceso: 22/12/2022]; 59(3):49-55. Disponible en: https://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/facmed/v59n3/2448-4865-facmed-59-03-49.pdf
30. Cebanu M, Sadovici-Bobeica V, Salaru V, Garabajiu M, Ciobanu G. Borg dyspnea scale and 6 minute Walk Test could be useful tools for assessing respiratory involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. Eur Respiratory Journal. 2018; 52(suppl 62):13993003. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.PA2484
31. Rodríguez-Núñez I, Mondaca F, Casas B, Ferreira C, Zenteno D, Rodríguez-Núñez I, et al. Valores normales del test de marcha de 6 minutos en niños y adolescentes sanos: Una revisión sistemática y metaanálisis. Rev Chil Pediatría. 2018; 89(1):128-36. DOI: 10.4067/S0370-41062018000100128
32. Chen G, Chen J, Liu J, Hu Y, Liu Y. Relationship between body mass index and physical fitness of children and adolescents in Xinjiang, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2022; 22(1):1-11. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14089-6
33. Escalona D'a P, Naranjo O J, Lagos S V, Solís FF. Parámetros de Normalidad en Fuerzas de Prensión de Mano en Sujetos de Ambos Sexos de 7 a 17 Años de Edad. Rev Chil Pediatría. 2009; 80(5):435-43. DOI: 10.4067/S0370-41062009000500005
34. López-Gil JF, Cavero-Redondo I, Sánchez-López M, Martínez-Hortelano JA, Berlanga-Macias C, Soriano-Cano A, et al. The moderating role of physical fitness in the relationship between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and adiposity in schoolchildren. Sci Rep. 2022; 12(1):18630. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23092-1
35. Nakandala P, Manchanayake J, Narampanawa J, Neeraja T, Sivanolipathan P, Mafahir M, et al. Descriptive study of hand grip strength and factors associated with it in a group of young undergraduate students in university of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka who are not participating in regular physical training. 2019; 6(3):183876. DOI: 10.15621/ijphy/2019/v6i3/183876
36. Aguilar-Cordero MJ, Rodríguez-Blanque R, Levet Hernández C, Inzunza-Noack J, Sánchez-García JC, Noack-Segovia J. Physical Exercise to Improve Functional Capacity: Randomized Clinical Trial in Bariatric Surgery Population. J Clin Med. 2022; 11(15):4621. DOI: 10.3390/jcm11154621
37. Palacio-Agüero A, Díaz-Torrente X, Quintiliano Scarpelli Dourado D. Relative handgrip strength, nutritional status and abdominal obesity in Chilean adolescents. Plos One. 2020; 15(6):e0234316. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234316
Published
2023-07-10
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Noack Segovia JP, Fuentealba Leyton RA, Guzmán Muñoz EE. Prediction of handgrip strength from health indicators in schoolchildren. Rev Cubana Med Milit [Internet]. 2023 Jul. 10 [cited 2025 May 9];52(3):e02302773. Available from: https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/2723
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