Clinical and epidemiological aspects of Guillain-Barré syndrome

Authors

Keywords:

Campylobacter jejuni, acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, peripheral nervous system.

Abstract

Introduction: Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy generally characterized by symmetrical ascending paralysis, hyporeflexia or areflexia. A narrative bibliographic review was carried out by means of an exhaustive search of scientific articles in Spanish and English no older than the last 5 years, except for classic and essential information in the medical literature that exceeds this period, through databases and search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, ScieLo and ScienceDirect.
Objective: To describe the most current clinical and epidemiological aspects of Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Development: The epidemiology and clinical features of Guillain-Barré syndrome currently differ between developing and developed countries, however, they share some similarities such as its etiology, being more common the infectious cause by Campylobacter jejuni with a predominance in adults than in children. The most common variants of this syndrome are acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and acute motor axonal neuropathy, both with different clinical features. The diagnosis and treatment of this pathology are also discussed.
Conclusions: The clinical and epidemiological aspects of the disease have evolved over time, however, more updated studies regarding the etiology and pathogenesis that remain to be discovered are required for a better understanding and thus better diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Shahrizaila N, Lehmann HC, Kuwabara S. Guillain-Barré syndrome. The Lancet. 2021 [acceso: 20/08/2023]; 397(10280):1214-28. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0140673621005171

2. Cao-Lormeau VM, Blake A, Mons S, Lastère S, Roche C, Vanhomwegen J, et al. Guillain-Barré Syndrome outbreak associated with Zika virus infection in French Polynesia: A case-control study. The Lancet. 2016 [acceso: 20/08/2023];387(10027):1531-9. Disponible en: http://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140673616005626/fulltext

3. Laman JD, Huizinga R, Boons GJ, Jacobs BC. Guillain-Barré syndrome: expanding the concept of molecular mimicry. Trends Immunol. 2022 [acceso: 20/08/2023];43(4):296-308. Disponible en: http://www.cell.com/article/S147149062200028X/fulltext

4. Botello-Hernandez E, Castillo-González AL, Fernández-Garza LE, Botello-Hernandez E, Castillo-González AL, Fernández-Garza LE. Síndrome de Guillain-Barré asociado con SARS-CoV-2. Revista Ecuatoriana de Neurología. 2020 [acceso: 20/08/2023];29(2):16-7. Disponible en: http://scielo.senescyt.gob.ec/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2631-25812020000200016&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es

5. Uversky VN, Elrashdy F, Aljadawi A, Ali SM, Khan RH, Redwan EM. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection reaches the human nervous system: How? J Neurosci Res. 2021 [acceso: 20/08/2023]; 99(3):750-77. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jnr.24752

6. Serrano MM, Jiménez DEB, Rodríguez JV. Polineuropatías. Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado. 2023 [acceso: 20/08/2023];13(77):4561-73. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304541223001014

7. Chimegave AA, Vagha KJ. Guillain-Barré syndrome in children: A narrative review. Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University. 2023 [acceso: 16/09/2023]; 18(3):549. Disponible en: https://journals.lww.com/dmms/pages/default.aspx/article.asp?issn=0974-3901;year=2023;volume=18;issue=3;spage=549;epage=552;aulast=Chimegave

8. Instituto Nacional de Salud. Minsa: aprueban presupuesto para el Plan de acción ante el incremento inusual de casos por Síndrome de Guillain Barré. Perú: Minsa; 2023. [acceso: 16/09/2023]. Disponible en: https://web.ins.gob.pe/index.php/es/prensa/noticia/minsa-aprueban-presupuesto-para-el-plan-de-accion-ante-el-incremento-inusual-de

9. McGrogan A, Madle GC, Seaman HE, De Vries CS. The epidemiology of Guillain-Barré syndrome worldwide. A systematic literature review. Neuroepidemiology. 2009 [acceso: 16/09/2023]; 32(2):150-63. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19088488/

10. Sejvar JJ, Baughman AL, Wise M, Morgan OW. Population Incidence of Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuroepidemiology. 2011; 36(2):123-33. DOI: 10.1159/000324710

11. Pimentel V, Luchsinger VW, Carvalho GL, Alcará AM, Esper NB, Marinowic D, et al. Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with COVID-19: A systematic review. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2023; 28:100578. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100578

12. Munayco Escate CV, Soto Cabezas MG, Reyes MF, Arica Gutiérrez JA, Napanga Saldaña O. Epidemiología del síndrome de guillain-barré en el Perú. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2019 [acceso: 16/09/2023]; 36(1):10-6. Disponible en: https://www.inei.gob.pe/estadisticas/indice-tematico/poblacion-y-

13. Ministerio de Salud Pública. Se mantiene activa la vigilancia epidemiológica ante casos del "Síndrome de Guillain Barré" en la Frontera Sur - Ministerio de Salud Pública. Ecuador: MSP; 2023. [acceso: 16/09/2023]. Disponible en: https://www.salud.gob.ec/se-mantiene-activa-la-vigilancia-epidemiologica-ante-casos-del-sindrome-de-guillain-barre-en-la-frontera-sur/

14. Barón Castaño AF, García Flórez LF, Manco Saldarriaga E, Cataño S, Arteaga A, Vallejo D, et al. Características clínicas de pacientes diagnosticados con Síndrome de Guillain Barré en tres instituciones especializadas de la ciudad de Medellín, 2015-2020. Arch Neurocien. 2023 [acceso: 22/09/2023]; 28(3): [aprox. 7 pant.]. Disponible en: https://archivosdeneurociencias.org/index.php/ADN/article/view/446

15. Papri N, Islam Z, Leonhard SE, Mohammad QD, Endtz HP, Jacobs BC. Guillain-Barré syndrome in low-income and middle-income countries: challenges and prospects. Nat Rev Neurol. 2021 [acceso: 03/11/2023];17(5):285-96. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7920001/

16. Mousavi S, Bereswill S, Heimesaat M. Novel Clinical Campylobacter jejuni Infection Models Based on Sensitization of Mice to Lipooligosaccharide, a Major Bacterial Factor Triggering Innate Immune Responses in Human Campylobacteriosis. Microorganisms. 2020 [acceso: 03/11/2023]; 8(4):482. Disponible en: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/4/482

17. Stein RA. Campylobacter jejuni and Postinfectious Autoimmune Diseases: A Proof of Concept in Glycobiology. ACS Infect Dis. 2022 [acceso: 03/11/2023];8(10):1981-91. Disponible en: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00397

18. Finsterer J. Triggers of Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Campylobacter jejuni Predominates. Int J Mol Sci. 2022; 23(22):14222. DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214222

19. Leonhard SE, van der Eijk AA, Andersen H, Antonini G, Arends S, Attarian S, et al. An International Perspective on Preceding Infections in Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Neurology. 2022 [acceso: 03/11/2023];99(12):1299-313. Disponible en: http://n.neurology.org/content/99/12/e1299.long

20. Quino W, Caro-Castro J, Mestanza O, Hurtado V, Zamudio ML, Cruz-Gonzales G, et al. Emergence and Molecular Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni ST-2993 Associated with a Large Outbreak of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Peru. Microbiol Spectr. 2022 [acceso: 03/11/2023];10(5): e0118722. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35972275/

21. Lopes GV, Ramires T, Kleinubing NR, Scheik LK, Fiorentini ÂM, Padilha da Silva W. Virulence factors of foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. Microb Pathog. 2021 [acceso: 04/11/2023]; 161:105265. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0882401021005398

22. Zhang H, Zhao H, Yang G, Li Y, Liu Y. Gene Polymorphisms of Interleukin-27 Correlate with the Susceptibility, Severity, and Clinical Outcomes of Elderly People with Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Gerontology. 2022 [acceso: 04/11/2023];68(8):854-60. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34607327/

23. Yamamoto S, Iyoda S, Ohnishi M. Stabilizing Genetically Unstable Simple Sequence Repeats in the Campylobacter jejuni Genome by Multiplex Genome Editing: a Reliable Approach for Delineating Multiple Phase-Variable Genes. mBio. 2021 [acceso: 04/11/2023];12(4):10-1128. Disponible en: https://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/mbio.01401-21

24. Li T, Wolfert MA, Wei N, Huizinga R, Jacobs BC, Boons GJ. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Campylobacter jejuni Lipo-oligosaccharide Core Domains to Examine Guillain-Barré Syndrome Serum Antibody Specificities. J Am Chem Soc. 2020 [acceso: 04/11/2023]; 142(46):19611-21. Disponible en: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.0c08583

25. Gaspari E, Koehorst JJ, Frey J, Martins dos Santos VAP, Suarez-Diez M. Galactocerebroside biosynthesis pathways of Mycoplasma species: an antigen triggering Guillain-Barré-Stohl syndrome. Microb Biotechnol. 2021 [acceso: 04/11/2023];14(3):1201-11. Disponible en: https://ami-journals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1751-7915.13794

26. Manaud A, Geraudie A, Viguier A, Mengelle C, Fortenfant F, Baudou E, et al. Post-CMV Guillain-Barré Syndrome with Anti-GM2 Antibodies: Two Cases and a Review of the Literature. Neuropediatrics. 2022 [acceso: 04/11/2023];53(04):235-8. Disponible en: https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0042-1742721

27. Del Carpio-Orantes L, Sánchez-Díaz JS. Guillain-Barré Syndrome, Before and After Zika. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2019 [acceso: 04/11/2023];10(03):567-8. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6785321/

28. Finsterer J, Scorza FA. Guillain-Barre syndrome in 220 patients with COVID-19. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatr Neurosurg. 2021 [acceso: 04/11/2023];57(1):55. Disponible en: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s41983-021-00310-7

29. Leonhard SE, Mandarakas MR, Gondim FAA, Bateman K, Ferreira MLB, Cornblath DR, et al. Diagnosis and management of Guillain-Barré syndrome in ten steps. Nat Rev Neurol. 2019 ;15(11):671-83. DOI: 10.1038/s41582-019-0250-9

30. Shastri A, Al Aiyan A, Kishore U, Farrugia ME. Immune-Mediated Neuropathies: Pathophysiology and Management. Int J Mol Sci. 2023 [acceso: 04/11/2023];24(8):7288. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37108447/

31. Versace V, Campostrini S, Rastelli E, Sebastianelli L, Nardone R, Pucks-Faes E, et al. Understanding hyper-reflexia in acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN). Neurophysiologie Clinique. 2020 [acceso: 04/11/2023];50(3):139-44. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0987705320300563

32. Berciano J. Axonal pathology in early stages of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Neurología (Engl Ed). 2022 [acceso: 04/11/2023];37(6):466-79. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35779867/

33. Lupu VV, Miron I, Cianga AL, Gavrilovici C, Grigore I, David AG, et al. Diagnostic Pitfalls in Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Case Report and Literature Review. Children. 2022 [acceso: 04/11/2023];9(12):1969. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9776903/

34. Zhu J, Zhang Y, Li R, Lin Y, Fu Y, Yan Y, et al. Anti-ganglioside Antibodies in Guillain-Barre Syndrome: A Novel Immunoblotting-Panel Assay. Front Neurol. 2021 [acceso: 02/12/2023]; 2:760889. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34899578/

35. Islam B, Islam Z, Endtz HP, Jahan I, Jacobs BC, Mohammad QD, et al. Electrophysiology of Guillain-Barré syndrome in Bangladesh: A prospective study of 312 patients. Clin Neurophysiol Pract. 2021 [acceso: 02/12/2023];6:155-63. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2467981X21000202

36. Kakumoto T, Kobayashi S, Yuuki H, Kainaga M, Shirota Y, Hamada M, et al. Cranial Nerve Involvement and Dysautonomia in Post-COVID-19 Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Internal Medicine. 2021 [acceso: 02/12/2023];60(21):7355-21. Disponible en: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/internalmedicine/60/21/60_7355-21/_article/-char/ja/

37. Querol L, Lleixà C. Novel Immunological and Therapeutic Insights in Guillain-Barré Syndrome and CIDP. Neurotherapeutics. 2021 [acceso: 02/12/2023];18(4):2222-35. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8455117/

38. Verboon C, Doets AY, Galassi G, Davidson A, Waheed W, Péréon Y, et al. Current treatment practice of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Neurology. 2019 [acceso: 02/12/2023]; 93(1):59-76. Disponible en: https://n.neurology.org/content/93/1/e59.abstract

39. Marcus R. What Is Guillain-Barré Syndrome? JAMA. 2023 [acceso: 02/12/2023]; 329(7):602. Disponible en: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2801220

Downloads

Published

2024-04-19

How to Cite

1.
Cedeño Laz JA. Clinical and epidemiological aspects of Guillain-Barré syndrome. Rev Cubana Med Milit [Internet]. 2024 Apr. 19 [cited 2025 Apr. 18];53(2):e024029684. Available from: https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/29684

Issue

Vol. 53 No. 2 (2024): April - June

Section

Review Article

License

Authors who have publications with this Journal accept the following terms:

  • The authors will retain their copyright and guarantee the Journal the right of first publication of their work, which will simultaneously be subject to the Creative Commons Attribution License. The content presented here can be shared, copied and redistributed in any medium or format; Can be adapted, remixed, transformed or created from the material, using the following terms: Attribution (giving appropriate credit to the work, providing a link to the license, and indicating if changes have been made); non-commercial (you cannot use the material for commercial purposes) and share-alike (if you remix, transform or create new material from this work, you can distribute your contribution as long as you use the same license as the original work).
  • The authors may adopt other non-exclusive license agreements for the distribution of the published version of the work (for example: depositing it in an institutional electronic archive or publishing it in a monographic volume) as long as the initial publication in this Journal is indicated.
  • Authors are allowed and recommended to disseminate their work through the Internet (e.g., in institutional electronic archives or on their website) before and during the submission process, which can produce interesting exchanges and increase citations. of the published work.