Effects a multicomponent program on the frailty and quality of life of institutionalized older adults
Keywords:
frail elderly, aged, physical activity, quality of life, institutionalized.Abstract
Introduction: Aging is related to a higher prevalence of frailty and deterioration in quality of life. There is also a loss of autonomy, which increases institutionalization.Methodology: Pre-experimental, longitudinal study that evaluated 28 institutionalized older adults (17 women and 11 men). The sample was selected using an intentional non-probabilistic criterion. A multicomponent training program (aerobic resistance, muscular strength, balance and flexibility) was carried out for 6 weeks, before and after the fragility was evaluated based on the phenotype scale proposed by Fried and the quality of life with the World Health Organization questionnaire Quality of Life - Older Adults (WHOQoL-OLD). The Student's t-test was applied to make the comparisons and the effect size was calculated. An alpha level of 0.05 was used.
Results: After participating in the multicomponent exercise program, older adults showed significant improvements in the frailty index (p = 0.007; d = 0.36). The quality of life showed statistically significant changes in the dimensions Past, present and future activities (p = 0.018; d = 0.53), Social Participation (p = 0.003; d = 0.53) and Intimacy (p = 0.005; d = 0.36) after completing a multi-component exercise program. The overall quality of life of the participants also showed significant changes (p = 0.007; d = 0.65).
Conclusion: A 6-week multi-component physical training program improved the frailty and quality of life of institutionalized older adults.
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References
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17. Fleck M, Chachamovich E, Trentini CM. Projeto WHOQOL-OLD: método e resultados de grupos focais no Brasil. Revista de Saúde Pública. 2003[acceso: 08/06/2020];37(6):793-9. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102003000600016
18. Casas Herrero A, Izquierdo M. Ejercicio físico como intervención eficaz en el anciano frágil. An. Sist. Sanit. Navar. 2012[acceso: 08/06/2020];35(1):69-85. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S1137-66272012000100007
19. Cadore EL, Moneo ABB, Mensat MM, Muñoz AR, Casas-Herrero A, Rodríguez-Mañas L, et al. Positive effects of resistance training in frail elderly patients with dementia after long-term physical restraint. Age. 2014[acceso: 08/06/2020];36(2):801-11. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-013-9599-7
20. Tanaka H, Seals DR. Endurance exercise performance in Masters athletes: age‐associated changes and underlying physiological mechanisms. The Journal of physiology. 2008[acceso: 08/06/2020];586(1):55-63. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2007.141879
21. Borg GA. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1982[acceso: 08/06/2020];14:377-381. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198205000-00012
22. Izquierdo M, Cadore EL. Muscle power training in the institutionalized frail: a new approach to counteracting functional declines and very late-life disability. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 2014[acceso: 08/06/2020];30(7):1385-90. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1185/03007995.2014.908175
23. Johnson AW, Mitchell UH, Meek K, Feland JB. Hamstring flexibility increases the same with 3 or 9 repetitions of stretching held for a total time of 90 s. Phys Ther Sport. 2014[acceso: 08/06/2020];15(2):101-5. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2013.03.006
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25. Daniels R, van Rossum E, de Witte L, Kempen GI, van den Heuvel W. Interventions to prevent disability in frail community-dwelling elderly: a systematic review. BMC health services research. 2008[acceso: 08/06/2020];8(1):278. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-8-278
26. Tarazona-Santabalbina FJ, Gómez-Cabrera MC, Pérez-Ros P, Martínez-Arnau FM, Cabo H, Tsaparas K, et al. A multicomponent exercise intervention that reverses frailty and improves cognition, emotion, and social networking in the community-dwelling frail elderly: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2016[acceso: 08/06/2020];17(5):426-33. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2016.01.019
27. Rodriguez-Mañas L, Fried LP. Frailty in the clinical scenario. The Lancet. 2015[acceso: 08/06/2020];385(9968):e7-e9. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61595-6
28. Rodríguez-Mañas L, Féart C, Mann G, Viña J, Chatterji S, Chodzko-Zajko W, et al. Searching for an operational definition of frailty: a Delphi method based consensus statement. The frailty operative definition-consensus conference project. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013[acceso: 08/06/2020];68(1):62-7. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61595-6
29. Wood RH, Reyes R, Welsch MA, Favaloro-Sabatier J, Sabatier M, Lee CM, et al. Concurrent cardiovascular and resistance training in healthy older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001[acceso: 08/06/2020];33(10):1751-8. Disponible en: https://journals.lww.com/corr/00005768-200110000-00021.fulltext
30. Sale D, Jacobs I, MacDougall J, Garner S. Comparison of two regimens of concurrent strength and endurance training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1990[acceso: 08/06/2020];22(3):348-56. Disponible en: https://europepmc.org/abstract/med/2381303
31. Justine M, Hamid TA, Kamalden TFT, Ahmad Z. A multicomponent exercise program's effects on health-related quality of life of institutionalized elderly. Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation. 2010[acceso: 08/06/2020];26(1):70-9. DOI: 10.1097/TGR.0b013e3181cd6949
32. Justine M, Hamid TA, Mohan V, Jagannathan M. Effects of multicomponent exercise training on physical functioning among institutionalized elderly. Rehabilitation. 2012[acceso: 08/06/2020];2012: 1-12. Disponible en: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2012/124916/
33. Bonet J, Parrado E, Capdevila L. Efectos agudos del ejercicio físico sobre el estado de ánimo y la HRV. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física del Deporte. 2017[acceso: 08/06/2020]; 65: 85-100. DOI: 10.15366/rimcafd2017.65.006
34. Arruza Gabilondo JA, Arribas Galarraga S, Gil de Montes Echaide ML, Irazusta Adarraga S, Romero Granados S, Cecchini Estrada JA. Repercusiones de la duración de la actividad físico-deportiva sobre el bienestar psicológico. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte. 2008[acceso: 08/06/2020];8(30):171-183. Disponible en: https://digibuo.uniovi.es/dspace/bitstream/10651/7503/1/25102_4.pdf
35. Shrihari, TG. Endorphins-A forgotten hidden magic holistic healer: Minireview. Advanced complement and alternative medicine. 2018[acceso: 08/06/2020];2(5):1-4. Disponible en: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Endorphins-A-Forgotten-Hidden-Magic-Holistic-Mini-Tg/0761b35fe37bc5399a947d9515c1a5f8e9f3c296
36. Dechamps A, Diolez P, Thiaudière E, Tulon A, Onifade C, Vuong T, et al. Effects of exercise programs to prevent decline in health-related quality of life in highly deconditioned institutionalized elderly persons: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of internal medicine. 2010[acceso: 08/06/2020];170(2):162-9. Disponible en: https://doi.org/doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.489
37. Vilani Medeiros de Araújo Nunes RMPdM, João C. Alchieri. Administración del test WHOQOL-OLD para evaluar la calidad de vida de los ancianos residentes en centros de larga estancia. Psicogeriatría; 2011[acceso 08/06/2020];3(1):177-85. Disponible en: https://www.viguera.com/sepg/pdf/revista/0304/304_0177_0185.pdf
2. Verdijk LB, Snijders T, Holloway TM, Van Kranenburg J, Van Loon LJC. Resistance Training Increases Skeletal Muscle Capillarization in Healthy Older Men. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2016[acceso: 08/06/2020];48(11):2157-64. DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001019
3. Cristobal RV, González-Moro IM, Ros E, Cárceles FA. Evolución de la fuerza, flexibilidad, equilibrio, resistencia y agilidad de mujeres mayores activas en relación con la edad. European journal of human movement. 2012[acceso: 08/06/2020];(29):29-47. Disponible en: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4775211
4. Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, Newman AB, Hirsch C, Gottdiener J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001[acceso: 08/06/2020];56(3):M146-M57. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/56.3.M146
5. Morley JE, Vellas B, Van Kan GA, Anker SD, Bauer JM, Bernabei R, et al. Frailty consensus: a call to action. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. 2013[acceso: 08/06/2020];14(6):392-7. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2013.03.022
6. Jacoby E, Goldstein J, López A, Núñez E, López T. Social class, family, and life-style factors associated with overweight and obesity among adults in Peruvian cities. Preventive medicine. 2003[acceso: 08/06/2020];37(5):396-405. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-7435(03)00159-2
7. Celis-Morales C, Salas C, Álvarez C, Aguilar Farías N, Ramírez Campillos R, Leppe J, et al. Un mayor nivel de actividad física se asocia a una menor prevalencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular en Chile: resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2009-2010. Rev Med Chile. 2015[acceso: 08/06/2020];143:1435-43. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872015001100009
8. Cadore EL, Casas-Herrero A, Zambom-Ferraresi F, Idoate F, Millor N, Gómez M, et al. Multicomponent exercises including muscle power training enhance muscle mass, power output, and functional outcomes in institutionalized frail nonagenarians. Age. 2014[acceso: 08/06/2020];36(2):773-85. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-013-9586-z
9. Casas-Herrero A, Izquierdo M, editors. Physical exercise as an efficient intervention in frail elderly persons. An. Sist. Sanit. Navar. 2012[acceso: 08/06/2020];35(1):69-85. DOI: 10.4321/s1137-66272012000100007
10. Izquierdo M. Multicomponent physical exercise program: Vivifrail. Nutr Hosp. 2019[acceso: 08/06/2020];36(Extra 2):50-56. DOI: 10.20960/nh.02680
11. Molina GC, Vallejos FC, Quiroz NS, Cisternas YC. Efectos de un programa de estimulación físico-cognitiva sobre la autopercepción de la funcionalidad en adultos mayores. Revista Ciencias de la Actividad Física. 2017[acceso: 08/06/2020];18(2):1-12. Disponible en: https://revistacaf.ucm.cl/article/view/115
12. Herrero ÁC, Cadore EL, Velilla NM, Redin MI. El ejercicio físico en el anciano frágil: una actualización. Rev Esp Geria y Gerontol. 2015[acceso: 08/06/2020];50(2):74-81. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regg.2014.07.003
13. Concha-Cisternas Y, Guzman-Muñoz E, Marzuca-Nassr G. Efectos de un programa de ejercicio físico combinado sobre la capacidad funcional de mujeres mayores sanas en Atención Primaria de Salud. Fisioterapia. 2017[acceso: 08/06/2020];39(5):195-201. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ft.2017.03.002
14. Orme JG, Reis J, Herz EJ. Factorial and discriminant validity of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES‐D) scale. Journal of clinical psychology. 1986[acceso: 08/06/2020];42(1):28-33. Disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/19211952_Factorial_and_discriminant_-validity_of_the_Center_for_-Epidemiological_Studies_Depression_CES-D_scale
15. Washburn RA, Smith KW, Jette AM, Janney CA. The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE): development and evaluation. Journal of clinical epidemiology. 1993[acceso: 08/06/2020];46(2):153-62. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-4356(93)90053-4
16. Urzúa A, Navarrete M. Calidad de vida en adultos mayores: análisis factoriales de las versiones abreviadas del WHOQoL-Old en población chilena. Rev Med Chile. 2013[acceso: 08/06/2020];141(1):28-33. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872013000100004
17. Fleck M, Chachamovich E, Trentini CM. Projeto WHOQOL-OLD: método e resultados de grupos focais no Brasil. Revista de Saúde Pública. 2003[acceso: 08/06/2020];37(6):793-9. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102003000600016
18. Casas Herrero A, Izquierdo M. Ejercicio físico como intervención eficaz en el anciano frágil. An. Sist. Sanit. Navar. 2012[acceso: 08/06/2020];35(1):69-85. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S1137-66272012000100007
19. Cadore EL, Moneo ABB, Mensat MM, Muñoz AR, Casas-Herrero A, Rodríguez-Mañas L, et al. Positive effects of resistance training in frail elderly patients with dementia after long-term physical restraint. Age. 2014[acceso: 08/06/2020];36(2):801-11. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-013-9599-7
20. Tanaka H, Seals DR. Endurance exercise performance in Masters athletes: age‐associated changes and underlying physiological mechanisms. The Journal of physiology. 2008[acceso: 08/06/2020];586(1):55-63. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2007.141879
21. Borg GA. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 1982[acceso: 08/06/2020];14:377-381. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198205000-00012
22. Izquierdo M, Cadore EL. Muscle power training in the institutionalized frail: a new approach to counteracting functional declines and very late-life disability. Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 2014[acceso: 08/06/2020];30(7):1385-90. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1185/03007995.2014.908175
23. Johnson AW, Mitchell UH, Meek K, Feland JB. Hamstring flexibility increases the same with 3 or 9 repetitions of stretching held for a total time of 90 s. Phys Ther Sport. 2014[acceso: 08/06/2020];15(2):101-5. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2013.03.006
24. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2 ed. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1988. [acceso: 08/06/2020]. Disponible en: https://books.google.es/books?hl=es&lr=&id=gkalyqTMXNEC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq-=J.+C.+Statistical+Power+-Analysis-+for+the+Behavioral+Sciences.+second+ed:+Lawrence+Erlbaum+Associates%3-B+1988.&ots=tRKQ_6nb9e&sig=IR-Tt2Iu76N_VD_-U-zSZg7GJpWo#v=onepage&q&f=false
25. Daniels R, van Rossum E, de Witte L, Kempen GI, van den Heuvel W. Interventions to prevent disability in frail community-dwelling elderly: a systematic review. BMC health services research. 2008[acceso: 08/06/2020];8(1):278. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-8-278
26. Tarazona-Santabalbina FJ, Gómez-Cabrera MC, Pérez-Ros P, Martínez-Arnau FM, Cabo H, Tsaparas K, et al. A multicomponent exercise intervention that reverses frailty and improves cognition, emotion, and social networking in the community-dwelling frail elderly: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2016[acceso: 08/06/2020];17(5):426-33. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2016.01.019
27. Rodriguez-Mañas L, Fried LP. Frailty in the clinical scenario. The Lancet. 2015[acceso: 08/06/2020];385(9968):e7-e9. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61595-6
28. Rodríguez-Mañas L, Féart C, Mann G, Viña J, Chatterji S, Chodzko-Zajko W, et al. Searching for an operational definition of frailty: a Delphi method based consensus statement. The frailty operative definition-consensus conference project. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013[acceso: 08/06/2020];68(1):62-7. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61595-6
29. Wood RH, Reyes R, Welsch MA, Favaloro-Sabatier J, Sabatier M, Lee CM, et al. Concurrent cardiovascular and resistance training in healthy older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001[acceso: 08/06/2020];33(10):1751-8. Disponible en: https://journals.lww.com/corr/00005768-200110000-00021.fulltext
30. Sale D, Jacobs I, MacDougall J, Garner S. Comparison of two regimens of concurrent strength and endurance training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1990[acceso: 08/06/2020];22(3):348-56. Disponible en: https://europepmc.org/abstract/med/2381303
31. Justine M, Hamid TA, Kamalden TFT, Ahmad Z. A multicomponent exercise program's effects on health-related quality of life of institutionalized elderly. Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation. 2010[acceso: 08/06/2020];26(1):70-9. DOI: 10.1097/TGR.0b013e3181cd6949
32. Justine M, Hamid TA, Mohan V, Jagannathan M. Effects of multicomponent exercise training on physical functioning among institutionalized elderly. Rehabilitation. 2012[acceso: 08/06/2020];2012: 1-12. Disponible en: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2012/124916/
33. Bonet J, Parrado E, Capdevila L. Efectos agudos del ejercicio físico sobre el estado de ánimo y la HRV. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física del Deporte. 2017[acceso: 08/06/2020]; 65: 85-100. DOI: 10.15366/rimcafd2017.65.006
34. Arruza Gabilondo JA, Arribas Galarraga S, Gil de Montes Echaide ML, Irazusta Adarraga S, Romero Granados S, Cecchini Estrada JA. Repercusiones de la duración de la actividad físico-deportiva sobre el bienestar psicológico. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte. 2008[acceso: 08/06/2020];8(30):171-183. Disponible en: https://digibuo.uniovi.es/dspace/bitstream/10651/7503/1/25102_4.pdf
35. Shrihari, TG. Endorphins-A forgotten hidden magic holistic healer: Minireview. Advanced complement and alternative medicine. 2018[acceso: 08/06/2020];2(5):1-4. Disponible en: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Endorphins-A-Forgotten-Hidden-Magic-Holistic-Mini-Tg/0761b35fe37bc5399a947d9515c1a5f8e9f3c296
36. Dechamps A, Diolez P, Thiaudière E, Tulon A, Onifade C, Vuong T, et al. Effects of exercise programs to prevent decline in health-related quality of life in highly deconditioned institutionalized elderly persons: a randomized controlled trial. Archives of internal medicine. 2010[acceso: 08/06/2020];170(2):162-9. Disponible en: https://doi.org/doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.489
37. Vilani Medeiros de Araújo Nunes RMPdM, João C. Alchieri. Administración del test WHOQOL-OLD para evaluar la calidad de vida de los ancianos residentes en centros de larga estancia. Psicogeriatría; 2011[acceso 08/06/2020];3(1):177-85. Disponible en: https://www.viguera.com/sepg/pdf/revista/0304/304_0177_0185.pdf
Published
2020-10-06
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1.
Concha-Cisternas Y, Contreras- Reyes S, Monjes B, Recabal B, Guzmán-Muñoz E. Effects a multicomponent program on the frailty and quality of life of institutionalized older adults. Rev Cubana Med Milit [Internet]. 2020 Oct. 6 [cited 2025 Jan. 30];49(4):e0200758. Available from: https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/758
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