Retinal vein occlusions: clinical and epidemiological characteristics and association with possible risk factors
Keywords:
epidemiology, risk factors, retinal vein occlusionAbstract
Introduction: Retinal vein occlusion is the second leading cause of vision loss due to retinal vascular disease, with a progressive increase in prevalence in the present century. It is associated with multiple risk factors.
Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and identify relations between potential risk factors and retinal vein occlusion.
Methods: An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study was conducted in the Retina-Vitreous Department of the Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology between January and December 2022. The sample consisted of 410 eyes of 380 patients diagnosed with retinal vein occlusion. The variables studied were age, sex, skin color, personal history of systemic and ocular pathologies, associated risk factors, and anatomical and angiographic classification. Absolute numbers and relative frequencies, to describe relation to risk factors with ages group.
Results: The age group 65 and older, white skin color, and male sex predominated. Central retinal vein occlusion was more frequent and presented a non-ischemic angiographic form. Associated risk factors were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, obesity, smoking, and open-angle glaucoma.
Conclusions: Retinal vein occlusions are associated with a history of systemic and ocular disease, as well as other risk factors such as hypertension, open-angle glaucoma, smoking, and obesity, which favor progression to the ischemic form and increase the risk of complications.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Caridad Chiang Rodríguez, Armando Ángel Chirino Chiang, Iraisi F. Hormigó Puertas, Leandro Peña Parra, Ariadna Corral Martín
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