Radiological signs in neuroimaging of pediatric patients with posttraumatic stress disorder
Keywords:
brain, neuroimaging, hippocampus, mental health, post-traumatic stress disorder, PTED, pathophysiology.Abstract
Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder affects the mental health of pediatric patients; it is considered very common in these patients. Scientific studies supported by magnetic resonance imaging have established a close relationship between post-traumatic stress and structural changes in the brain. A bibliographic review was carried out in the period from April to May 2021, in the resources available in MEDLINE, SciELO, Pubmed and Elsevier. Of the total of consultations, 25 references were cited.Objective: To describe the radiological signs in the neuroimaging of pediatric patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.
Development: Neuroimaging studies in children and adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder have focused on abnormal structures and the functionality of some individual brain regions; these involve the brain regions associated with pathophysiology, they are: the medial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; the orbitofrontal cortex; insula; lentiform nucleus; amygdala; hippocampus and parahippocampus; the anterior and posterior cingulate cortex; the precuneus; cuneus; the fusiform and lingual gyrus and the white matter tracts that connect these brain regions.
Conclusions: The radiological signs in the neuroimaging of pediatric patients with post-traumatic stress disorder are: reduction of the volumes of the hippocampus; brain and intracranial volume and amygdala volume, as well as a decrease in the total area of the corpus callosum. In addition, it is observed that the pituitary volume and the volumes of cerebral gray matter were lower in patients with post-traumatic stress.
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References
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24. Morey RA CC, De Bellis MD. Brain structural covariance network centrality in maltreated youth with PTSD and in maltreated youth resilient to PTSD. Dev Psychopathol. 2019; 31(2):557-71. DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30014-7
25. Li L, Pan N, Zhang L, Lui S, Huang X, Xu X, et al. Hippocampal subfield alterations in pediatric patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2021; 16(3):334-44. DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa162
2. Pérez Benítez CI, Vicente B, Zlotnick C, Kohn R, Johnson J, Valdivia S, et al. Estudio epidemiológico de sucesos traumáticos, trastorno de estrés postraumático y otros trastornos psiquiátricos en una muestra representativa de Chile. Salud Ment (Mex). 2009 [acceso: 02/05/21]; 32(2):145-53. Disponible: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2990643
3. Fariba K, Gupta V. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder In Children. 2021[acceso: 02/05/2021]. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559140/
4. Haravuori H, Kiviruusu O, Suomalainen L, Marttunen M. An evaluation of ICD-11 posttraumatic stress disorder criteria in two samples of adolescents and young adults exposed to mass shootings: factor analysis and comparisons to ICD-10 and DSM-IV. BMC Psychiatry. 2016 [acceso: 02/05/2021];16: 140. Disponible en: https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-016-0849-y
5. Milani AC, Hoffmann EV, Fossaluza V, Jackowski AP, Mello MF. Does pediatric post-traumatic stress disorder alter the brain? Systematic review and metaanalysis of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2017; 71(3):154-69. DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12473
6. Marquez ER, Esquerdo JM, Pérez-Villamil ÁH. Aproximación al estudio psicopatológico del TEPT a través de las técnicas de neuroimagen. Psiquiatria.Com, Trabajos; 2009 [acceso: 02/05/2021]. Disponible en: https://psiquiatria.com/trabajos/usr_6668810106519.pdf
7. Moyer A. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Radiol Technol. 2016 [acceso: 02/05/2021]; 87(6):649-67. Disponible en: http://www.radiologictechnology.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=27390232
8. Szeszko PR, Yehuda R. Magnetic resonance imaging predictors of psychotherapy treatment response in post-traumatic stress disorder: A role for the salience network. Psychiatry Res. 2019 [acceso: 02/05/2021]; 277:52-57 Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165178118322297?-via%3Dihub
9. Kamiya K, Abe O. Imaging of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2020; 30(1): 115-23. DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2019.09.010
10. Zandvakili A, Swearingen HR, Philip NS. Changes in functional connectivity after theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation for post-traumatic stress disorder: a machine-learning study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2021; 271(1): 29-37. DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01172-5
11. Cwik JC, Vahle N, Woud ML, Potthoff D, Kessler H, Sartory G, Seitz RJ. Reduced gray matter volume in the left prefrontal, occipital, and temporal regions as predictors for posttraumatic stress disorder: a voxel-based morphometric study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2020; 270(5): 577-88. DOI: 10.1007/s00406-019-01011-2
12. Morey RA, Haswell CC, Hooper SR, De Bellis MD. Amygdala, Hippocampus, and Ventral Medial Prefrontal Cortex Volumes Differ in Maltreated Youth with and without Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2016; 41(3): 791-801. DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.205
13. De Bellis MD, Hooper SR, Chen SD, Provenzale JM, Boyd BD, Glessner CE, et al. Posterior structural brain volumes differ in maltreated youth with and without chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. Dev Psychopathol. 2015; 27(4Pt2): 1555-76. DOI: 10.1017/S0954579415000942org
14. Cunha PJ, Duran FLS, de Oliveira PA, Chaim-Avancini TM, Milioni ALV, Ometto M, et al. Callosal abnormalities, altered cortisol levels, and neurocognitive deficits associated with early maltreatment among adolescents: A voxel-based diffusion tensor imaging study. Brain Behav. 2021; 11(3): e02009. DOI:10.1002/brb3.2009
15. Liu T, Ke J, Qi R, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Xu Q, et al. Altered functional connectivity of the amygdala and its subregions in typhoon-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Brain Behav. 2021; 11(1): e01952. DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1952
16. Kribakaran S, Danese A, Bromis K, Kempton MJ, Gee DG. Meta-analysis of Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies in Pediatric Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Comparison With Related Conditions. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2020; 5(1):23-34. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.08.006
17. Bromis K, Calem M, Reinders AATS, Williams SCR, Kempton MJ. Meta-Analysis of 89 Structural MRI Studies in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Comparison With Major Depressive Disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2018; 175(10): 989-98. DOI: 10.1176/a ppi.ajp.2018.17111199
18. Weems CF, Russell JD. Variation in the Developing Brain and the Role of Pediatric Posttraumatic Stress on Structural and Functional Networks. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2020; 5(1): 7-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.10.003
19. Sun D, Haswell CC, Morey RA, De Bellis MD. Brain structural covariance network centrality in maltreated youth with PTSD and in maltreated youth resilient to PTSD. Dev Psychopathol. 2019; 31(2): 557-71. DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30014-7
20. Suo X, Lei D, Li K, Chen F, Li F, Li L, et al. Disrupted brain network topology in pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder: A resting-state fMRI study. Hum Brain Mapp. 2015; 36(9): 3677-86. DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22871
21. Suo X, Lei D, Chen F, Wu M, Li L, Sun L, et al.Anatomic Insights into Disrupted Small-World Networks in Pediatric Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Radiology .2017 ; 282(3):826-834. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2016160907
22. Li M, Wu J, Jiang P, Yang S, Guo R, Yang Y, et al. Corpus Callosum Diffusion Anisotropy and Hemispheric Lateralization of Language in Patients with Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. Brain Connect. 2021. DOI:10.1089/brain.2020.0853
23. Kunimatsu A, Yasaka K, Akai H, Natsuko Kunimatsu, Osamu A.MRI Findings in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2020; 52(2):380-396. DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26929
24. Morey RA CC, De Bellis MD. Brain structural covariance network centrality in maltreated youth with PTSD and in maltreated youth resilient to PTSD. Dev Psychopathol. 2019; 31(2):557-71. DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30014-7
25. Li L, Pan N, Zhang L, Lui S, Huang X, Xu X, et al. Hippocampal subfield alterations in pediatric patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2021; 16(3):334-44. DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsaa162
Published
2022-04-02
How to Cite
1.
Landrove-Escalona EA, Moreira-Díaz LR. Radiological signs in neuroimaging of pediatric patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. Rev Cubana Med Milit [Internet]. 2022 Apr. 2 [cited 2025 Apr. 8];51(2):e02201566. Available from: https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/1566
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