Post-traumatic stress disorder in a military cohort with war trauma
Keywords:
war-related injuries, combat disorders, mental disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD.Abstract
Introduction: People who are part of the armed forces worldwide have been susceptible to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder, due to exposure to conditions that predispose its development.Objective: To establish the frequency and possible associated risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorder in subjects with chest injuries, suffered in combat.
Methods: Comparative study between subjects with chest trauma suffered in combat and military without thoracic injury with experience in combat, by evaluating a 24-question diagnostic questionnaire, validated for Colombia, of post-traumatic stress disorder. Military population older than 18 years and younger than 55 years, with chest trauma who underwent medical or surgical management (thoracotomy or laparotomy) were included.
Results: 45 subjects entered the study, 25 with a history of chest trauma and 20 healthy with combat experience. Of the trauma subjects, 25 were evaluated at 3 months and 11 at 5 months. In the subjects wounded in combat, the average age was 24,1 years (SD: 4,99). At the 3-month evaluation, 36 % (p = 0,025) of the subjects with a history of chest trauma met the diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder, which shows an increase of 9,5 % at the 6-month follow-up.
Conclusion: There is a higher frequency of post-traumatic stress disorder in subjects exposed to traumatic chest events in areas of armed conflict. Young age and low educational levels could be factors associated with the appearance of the disorder.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Stevelink SAM, Jones M, Hull L, Pernet D, MacCrimmon S, Goodwin L, et al. Mental health outcomes at the end of the British involvement in the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts: a cohort study. Br J Psychiatry. 2018; 213(6):690-7. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2018.175
2. Fear NT, Jones M, Murphy D, Hull L, Iversen AC, Coker B, et al. What are the consequences of deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan on the mental health of the UK armed forces? A cohort study. Lancet. 2010; 375(9728):1783-97. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60672-1
3. Gates MA, Holowka DW, Vasterling JJ, Keane TM, Marx BP, Rosen RC. Posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans and military personnel: epidemiology, screening, and case recognition. Psychol Serv. 2012; 9(4):361-82. DOI: 10.1037/a0027649
4. Ghaffarzadegan N, Ebrahimvandi A, Jalali MS. A Dynamic Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder for Military Personnel and Veterans. PLoS One. 2016; 11(10):e0161405. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161405
5. Jones E, Wessely S. War syndromes: the impact of culture on medically unexplained symptoms. Med Hist. 2005; 49(1): 55-78. DOI: 10.1017/s0025727300008280
6. Gonzalez Penagos C, Moreno Bedoya JP, Berbesi Fernandez DY, Segura Cardona AM. Factores laborales asociados al riesgo de estrés postraumático en uniformados de un sector de Medellín. Rev. Salud Pública. 2013 [acceso: 31/07/2021]; 15(3):335-41. Disponible en: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/revsaludpublica/article/view/30729
7. Robbins CB, Vreeman DJ, Sothmann MS, Wilson SL, Oldridge NB. A review of the long-term health outcomes associated with war-related amputation. Mil Med. 2009; 174(6): 588-92. DOI: 10.7205/milmed-d-00-0608
8. Brooks MS, Laditka SB, Laditka JN. Long-term effects of military service on mental health among veterans of the Vietnam War era. Mil Med. 2008; 173(6):570-5. DOI: 10.7205/milmed.173.6.570
9. Livingston DH, Tripp T, Biggs C, Lavery RF. A fate worse than death? Long-term outcome of trauma patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit. J Trauma. 2009; 67(2): 341-9. DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181a5cc34
10. Smith TC, Jacobson IG, Hooper TI, Leardmann CA, Boyko EJ, Smith B, et al. Millennium Cohort Study Team. Health impact of US military service in a large population-based military cohort: findings of the Millennium Cohort Study, 2001-2008. BMC Public Health. 2011; 11:69. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-69
11. Pai A, Suris AM, North CS. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the DSM-5: Controversy, Change, and Conceptual Considerations. Behav Sci (Basel). 2017; 7(1):7. DOI: 10.3390/bs7010007
12. Xue C, Ge Y, Tang B, Liu Y, Kang P, Wang M, Zhang L. A meta-analysis of risk factors for combat-related PTSD among military personnel and veterans. PLoS One. 2015; 10(3):e0120270. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120270
13. Dabbs C, Watkins EY, Fink DS, Eick-Cost A, Millikan AM. Opiate-related dependence/abuse and PTSD exposure among the active-component U.S. military, 2001 to 2008. Mil Med. 2014; 179(8): 885-90. DOI: 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00012
14. González-Penagos Catalina, Moreno-Bedoya Juan P, Berbesi-Fernández Dedsy Y, Segura-Cardona Ángela M. Factores laborales asociados al riesgo de estrés postraumático en uniformados de un sector de Medellín. Rev. Salud Pública. 2013 [acceso: 31/07/2021]; 15(3): 335-41. Disponible en: https://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0124-00642013000300001&lng=en
15. Hartley TA, Violanti JM, Sarkisian K, Andrew ME, Burchfiel CM. PTSD symptoms among police officers: associations with frequency, recency, and types of traumatic events. Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2013 [acceso: 31/07/2021]; 15(4):241-53. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4734407/
16. Dabbs C, Watkins EY, Fink DS, Eick-Cost A, Millikan AM. Opiate-related dependence/abuse and PTSD exposure among the active-component U.S. military, 2001 to 2008. Mil Med. 2014; 179(8):885-90. DOI: 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00012
17. deRoon-Cassini TA, Hunt JC, Geier TJ, Warren AM, Ruggiero KJ, Scott K, et al. Screening and treating hospitalized trauma survivors for posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2019; 87(2): 440-50. DOI: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002370
18. deRoon-Cassini TA, Mancini AD, Rusch MD, Bonanno GA. Psychopathology and resilience following traumatic injury: a latent growth mixture model analysis. Rehabil Psychol. 2010; 55(1): 1-11. DOI: 10.1037/a0018601
19. Petereit-Haack G, Bolm-Audorff U, Romero Starke K, Seidler A. Occupational Risk for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Trauma-Related Depression: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(24):9369. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249369
20. Bastidas-Goyes A, Hincapié-Díaz G, Tuta-Quintero E, Rodríguez-Rojas S. Analysis of lung function in a Colombian military with a medical history of thoracic trauma. Rev Med Hosp Gen Mex. 2021; 84(3): 110-15. DOI: 10.24875/HGMX.21000005
2. Fear NT, Jones M, Murphy D, Hull L, Iversen AC, Coker B, et al. What are the consequences of deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan on the mental health of the UK armed forces? A cohort study. Lancet. 2010; 375(9728):1783-97. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60672-1
3. Gates MA, Holowka DW, Vasterling JJ, Keane TM, Marx BP, Rosen RC. Posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans and military personnel: epidemiology, screening, and case recognition. Psychol Serv. 2012; 9(4):361-82. DOI: 10.1037/a0027649
4. Ghaffarzadegan N, Ebrahimvandi A, Jalali MS. A Dynamic Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder for Military Personnel and Veterans. PLoS One. 2016; 11(10):e0161405. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161405
5. Jones E, Wessely S. War syndromes: the impact of culture on medically unexplained symptoms. Med Hist. 2005; 49(1): 55-78. DOI: 10.1017/s0025727300008280
6. Gonzalez Penagos C, Moreno Bedoya JP, Berbesi Fernandez DY, Segura Cardona AM. Factores laborales asociados al riesgo de estrés postraumático en uniformados de un sector de Medellín. Rev. Salud Pública. 2013 [acceso: 31/07/2021]; 15(3):335-41. Disponible en: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/revsaludpublica/article/view/30729
7. Robbins CB, Vreeman DJ, Sothmann MS, Wilson SL, Oldridge NB. A review of the long-term health outcomes associated with war-related amputation. Mil Med. 2009; 174(6): 588-92. DOI: 10.7205/milmed-d-00-0608
8. Brooks MS, Laditka SB, Laditka JN. Long-term effects of military service on mental health among veterans of the Vietnam War era. Mil Med. 2008; 173(6):570-5. DOI: 10.7205/milmed.173.6.570
9. Livingston DH, Tripp T, Biggs C, Lavery RF. A fate worse than death? Long-term outcome of trauma patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit. J Trauma. 2009; 67(2): 341-9. DOI: 10.1097/TA.0b013e3181a5cc34
10. Smith TC, Jacobson IG, Hooper TI, Leardmann CA, Boyko EJ, Smith B, et al. Millennium Cohort Study Team. Health impact of US military service in a large population-based military cohort: findings of the Millennium Cohort Study, 2001-2008. BMC Public Health. 2011; 11:69. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-69
11. Pai A, Suris AM, North CS. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the DSM-5: Controversy, Change, and Conceptual Considerations. Behav Sci (Basel). 2017; 7(1):7. DOI: 10.3390/bs7010007
12. Xue C, Ge Y, Tang B, Liu Y, Kang P, Wang M, Zhang L. A meta-analysis of risk factors for combat-related PTSD among military personnel and veterans. PLoS One. 2015; 10(3):e0120270. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120270
13. Dabbs C, Watkins EY, Fink DS, Eick-Cost A, Millikan AM. Opiate-related dependence/abuse and PTSD exposure among the active-component U.S. military, 2001 to 2008. Mil Med. 2014; 179(8): 885-90. DOI: 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00012
14. González-Penagos Catalina, Moreno-Bedoya Juan P, Berbesi-Fernández Dedsy Y, Segura-Cardona Ángela M. Factores laborales asociados al riesgo de estrés postraumático en uniformados de un sector de Medellín. Rev. Salud Pública. 2013 [acceso: 31/07/2021]; 15(3): 335-41. Disponible en: https://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0124-00642013000300001&lng=en
15. Hartley TA, Violanti JM, Sarkisian K, Andrew ME, Burchfiel CM. PTSD symptoms among police officers: associations with frequency, recency, and types of traumatic events. Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2013 [acceso: 31/07/2021]; 15(4):241-53. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4734407/
16. Dabbs C, Watkins EY, Fink DS, Eick-Cost A, Millikan AM. Opiate-related dependence/abuse and PTSD exposure among the active-component U.S. military, 2001 to 2008. Mil Med. 2014; 179(8):885-90. DOI: 10.7205/MILMED-D-14-00012
17. deRoon-Cassini TA, Hunt JC, Geier TJ, Warren AM, Ruggiero KJ, Scott K, et al. Screening and treating hospitalized trauma survivors for posttraumatic stress disorder and depression. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2019; 87(2): 440-50. DOI: 10.1097/TA.0000000000002370
18. deRoon-Cassini TA, Mancini AD, Rusch MD, Bonanno GA. Psychopathology and resilience following traumatic injury: a latent growth mixture model analysis. Rehabil Psychol. 2010; 55(1): 1-11. DOI: 10.1037/a0018601
19. Petereit-Haack G, Bolm-Audorff U, Romero Starke K, Seidler A. Occupational Risk for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Trauma-Related Depression: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(24):9369. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249369
20. Bastidas-Goyes A, Hincapié-Díaz G, Tuta-Quintero E, Rodríguez-Rojas S. Analysis of lung function in a Colombian military with a medical history of thoracic trauma. Rev Med Hosp Gen Mex. 2021; 84(3): 110-15. DOI: 10.24875/HGMX.21000005
Published
2021-11-23
How to Cite
1.
Bastidas Goyes A, Tuta-Quintero E, Hincapíe-Díaz G, Rueda Rodríguez A, Piotrostanalsky A, Contreras-Candelo S. Post-traumatic stress disorder in a military cohort with war trauma. Rev Cubana Med Milit [Internet]. 2021 Nov. 23 [cited 2025 Apr. 2];50(4):e02101591. Available from: https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/1591
Issue
Section
Research Article
License
Authors who have publications with this Journal accept the following terms:
- The authors will retain their copyright and guarantee the Journal the right of first publication of their work, which will simultaneously be subject to the Creative Commons Attribution License. The content presented here can be shared, copied and redistributed in any medium or format; Can be adapted, remixed, transformed or created from the material, using the following terms: Attribution (giving appropriate credit to the work, providing a link to the license, and indicating if changes have been made); non-commercial (you cannot use the material for commercial purposes) and share-alike (if you remix, transform or create new material from this work, you can distribute your contribution as long as you use the same license as the original work).
- The authors may adopt other non-exclusive license agreements for the distribution of the published version of the work (for example: depositing it in an institutional electronic archive or publishing it in a monographic volume) as long as the initial publication in this Journal is indicated.
- Authors are allowed and recommended to disseminate their work through the Internet (e.g., in institutional electronic archives or on their website) before and during the submission process, which can produce interesting exchanges and increase citations. of the published work.
