Translation and validity of the Scale of beliefs about the use of masks to prevent the spread of COVID-19
Keywords:
COVID-19, masks, reliability and validity.Abstract
Introduction: The use of a mask is essential to reduce the spread of COVID-19, however, a significant percentage of people refuse to use it. Beliefs may play an important role in accepting or rejecting their use.Objective: To translate and determine the evidence of validity of internal structure and reliability of the self-report of beliefs about the use of masks.
Methods: The self-report of beliefs about the use of masks was administered to 1218 people from different provinces of Peru (Mage = 27,4 years, SD = 12,6), chosen in a non-probabilistic way. The instrument was subjected to a process of double translation from English to Spanish and vice versa; In addition, using the Jamovi Project version 1.6 program, the internal structure was determined with factor analysis (exploratory and confirmatory), and finally reliability was estimated.
Results: The exploratory factor analysis identified four emerging factors that explained 53.7% of the variance. The model was verified and obtained acceptable fit indices (χ² = 154 gl = 46; p < 0,01; CFI = 0,96; TLI = 0,942; RMSEA = 0,602). In addition, standardized factor loadings greater than 0,30 were observed.
Conclusions: The Spanish version of the self-report of beliefs about the use of masks shows evidence of validity of structure and reliability due to adequate internal consistency.
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References
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2. Huang Y, Zhao N. Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Res. 2020; 288: 112954. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954
3. Chacma-Lara E, Capcha-Condor A. La pandemia del COVID-19 en Lima: Estimaciones con y sin medidas preventivas. Rev. Méd. Chile. 2021; 149(2):310-1. DOI: 10.4067/s0034-98872021000200310
4. Zeladita J, Huyhua S, Barboza E, Zegarra R, Solis G, Arcaya M, Tejada S, Jara I. Factores asociados a prácticas preventivas de la COVID-19 en estudiantes del área de salud, Perú. Rev. cuban. enferm. 2021 [acceso: 18/02/2022]; 37(1): e4417. Disponible en: http://www.revenfermeria.sld.cu/index.php/enf/article/view/4417
5. Sedano-Chiroque F, Rojas-Miliano C, Vela-Ruiz J. COVID-19 desde la perspectiva de la prevención primaria. Rev. Fac. Med. Hum. 2020; 20(3): 494-501. DOI: 10.25176/rfmh.v20i3.3031
6. Eikenberry S, Mancuso M, Iboi E, Phan T, Eikenberry K, Kuang Y, et al. To mask or not to mask: Modeling the potential for face mask use by the general public to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic. Infect. Dis. Model. 2020; 5: 293-308. DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2020.04.001
7. Lerner A, Folkers G, Fauci A. Preventing the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 With Masks and Other "Low-tech" Interventions. JAMA. 2020; 324(19): 1935-6. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.21946
8. Wang J, Pan L, Tang S, Ji J, Shi X. Mask use during COVID-19: A risk adjusted strategy. Environ. Pollut. 2020; 266(1): 115099. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115099
9. Cheok G, Gatot C, Sin C, Ng Y, Tay K, Howe T, Koh J. Appropriate attitude promotes mask wearing in spite of a significant experience of varying discomfort. Infect Dis Health. 2021; 26(2): 145-51. DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2021.01.002
10. Taylor S, Asmundson GJG. Negative attitudes about facemasks during the COVID-19 pandemic: The dual importance of perceived ineffectiveness and psychological reactance. PLoS ONE. 2021; 16(2): e0246317. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246317
11. Feng S, Shen C, Xia N, Song W, Fan M, Cowling B. Rational use of face masks in the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet Respir. Med. 2020; 8(5); 434-36. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30134-X
12. Stosic M, Helwig S, Ruben M. Greater belief in science predicts mask-wearing behavior during COVID-19. Pers. Individ. Differ. 2021; 176:110769. DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110769
13. Mahalik J, Di Bianca M, Harris M. Men's attitudes toward mask-wearing during COVID-19: Understanding the complexities of mask-ulinity. J. Health Psychol. 2022. DOI: 10.1177/1359105321990793
14. Forero C, Maydeu-Olivares A, Gallardo-Pujol D. Factor analysis with ordinal indicators: A Monte Carlo study comparing DWLS and ULS estimation. Struct Equ Modeling. 2009; 16(4): 625-41. DOI: 10.1080/10705510903203573
15. Kline P. The new psychometrics: science, psychology and measurement. London: Routhledge; 1998.
16. Pett MA, Lackey NR, Sullivan JJ. Making sense of factor analysis. ThousandOaks, CA: Sage; 2003.
17. Lloret-Segura S, Ferreres-Traver A, Hernández-Baeza A, Tomás-Marco I. El Análisis Factorial Exploratorio de los Ítems: una guía práctica, revisada y actualizada. Anal. Psicol. 2014; 20(3): 1151-69. DOI: 10.6018/analesps.30.3.199361
18. Ruiz M, Pardo A, San Martín R. Modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Papeles del Psicol. 2010 [acceso: 16/02/2022]; 31(1): 34-45. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=77812441004
19. Ventura-León J, Caycho-Rodríguez T. El coeficiente Omega: un método alternativo para la estimación de la confiabilidad. Rev. Latinoam. Cienc. Soc. Niñez Juv. 2017 [acceso: 16/02/2022]; 15(1): 625-7. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/journal/773/77349627039/html/
20. Tabachnick B G, Fidell L S, Osterlind S. Using multivariate statistics (4a ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon; 2001.
21. Kaiser H. An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika. 1974; 39(1): 31-6. DOI: 10.1007/BF02291575
22. Escobedo M, Hernández J, Estebané V, Martínez G. Modelos de ecuaciones estructurales: Características, fases, construcción, aplicación y resultados. Ciencia y trabajo. 2016; 18(55): 16-22. DOI: 10.4067/S0718-24492016000100004
23. Liao M, Liu H, Wang X, Hu X, Huang Y, Liu X, et al. A technical review of face mask wearing in preventing respiratory COVID-19 transmission. Curr. Opin. Colloid. Interface Sci. 2021; 52: 101417. DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101417
24. Li H, Yuan K, Sun Y, Zheng Y, Xu Y, Su S, et al. Efficacy and practice of facemask use in general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl. Psychiatry. 2022; 12:49. DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01814-3
25. Phongphanngam S, Lach H. Cross-cultural Instrument Translation and Adaptation: Challenges and Strategies. PRIJNR. 2019 [acceso: 16/02/2022]; 23(2):170-9. Disponible en: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/PRIJNR/article/view/129032
26. Caicoya M. The role of face masks in the control of the COVID-19 epidemic. J. Healthc. Qual. Res. 2020; 35(4): 203-5. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhqr.2020.05.001
27. Bearth A, Siegrist M. The drivers and barriers of wearing a facemask during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Switzerland. J. Risk Res. 2021: 1-13. DOI: 10.1080/13669877.2022.2038244
Published
2022-05-20
How to Cite
1.
Santa-Cruz-Espinoza H, Guzmán Rodríguez NM, Tirado Bocanegra PI, Mendo Zelada JE, Morales Domínguez GV. Translation and validity of the Scale of beliefs about the use of masks to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Rev Cubana Med Milit [Internet]. 2022 May 20 [cited 2025 May 13];51(2):e02201933. Available from: https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/1933
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