Antibacterial effect of two extracts of Erythroxylum coca against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus
Keywords:
anti-bacterial agents, coca, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus.Abstract
Introduction: The Erythroxylum coca leaf is traditionally used in various countries for its pharmacological benefits.Objective: To compare the antibacterial effect of the aqueous and alcoholic extract of Erythroxylum coca leaves against Streptococcus mutans ATCC®35668™ and Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC®4356™.
Methods: Experimental in vitro study. The aqueous and alcoholic extract of E. coca was obtained. The sample consisted of 20 petri dishes for each concentration and extract evaluated. The mean diameters of the inhibition halos were expressed in millimeters and analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn's post hoc analysis with Bonferroni adjustment. The comparison of the effects between 24 and 48 hours was carried out using the Wilcoxon test with a significance level of 5 %.
Results: The alcoholic concentration of 25 mg/mL was more effective on S. mutans, when compared to the other groups (p< 0.05). In the alcoholic extract, differences were observed with the concentration of 50 mg/mL at 24 and 48 hours against S. mutans (p< 0.05). Significant differences were observed when comparing the inhibitory effect of the aqueous extract of 75 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL at 24 and 48 hours against L. acidophilus (p< 0.05) and for the alcoholic extract the differences were statistically significant with concentrations of 50 mg/mL and 25 mg/mL (p< 0.05).
Conclusion: There are differences in the antibacterial effect of the aqueous and alcoholic extract of E. coca leaves against S. mutans and L. acidophilus.
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References
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26. Salcedo MR. Comparación del efecto antibacteriano del extracto etanólico del Erythroxylum novogranatense var. Truxillense y Erythroxylum coca var coca frente al Streptococcus mutans [Tesis de título de Cirujano Dentista]. Lima: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Facultad de Odontología; 2018. [acceso: 10/04/2020]. Disponible en:
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9308
27. Alvarado V, Moromi H. Plantas medicinales: Efecto antibacteriano in vitro de Plantago major L, Erythroxylum novogranatense Plowman var truxillense y Camellia sinensis sobre bacterias de importancia estomatológica. Odontol Sanmarquina. 2010; 13(2):21-25. DOI: 10.15381/os.v13i2.2853
28. Luna-Vílchez M, Díaz-Vélez C, Baca-Dejo F. Efecto del extracto acuoso, ácido y alcohólico de las hojas secas de Erythroxylum coca var coca (coca) en Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis y Candida albicans in vitro. Horiz Med. 2017 [acceso: 16/03/2022]; 17(1):25-30. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.pe/pdf/hm/v17n1/a05v17n1.pdf
2. Hong J, Whelton H, Douglas G, Kang J. Consumption frequency of added sugars and UK children's dental caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2018; 46(5):457–64. DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12413
3. Gamboa F. Microbiological, Phenotypic, and Genotypic Characterization of Streptococcus mutans: Research Experiences. Univ Odontol. 2014; 33(71):65-73. DOI: 10.11144/Javeriana.uo33-71.icmf
4. Conrads G. About I. Pathophysiology of Dental Caries. Monogr Oral Sci. 2018; 27:1–10. DOI: 10.1159/000487826
5. Xie Z, Zhang Z, Liu L, Liu X, Chen Y. Secondary metabolites from Streptococcus mutans and their ecological roles in dental biofilm. Chin J Biotech. 2017; 33(9):1547-1554. DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.170046
6. Elgamily H, Safy R, Makharita R. Influence of medicinal plant extracts on the growth of oral pathogens Streptococcus mutansandLactobacillus acidophilus: an in-vitro study. Maced J Med Sci. 2019; 7(14):2328–34. DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.653
7. Mei ML, Chu CH, Low KH, Che CM, Man Lo EC. Caries arresting effect of silver diamine fluoride on dentine carious lesion with S. mutans and L. acidophilus dual-species cariogenic biofilm. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2013; 18(6): e824– e831. DOI: 10.4317/medoral.18831
8. Sisay M, Bussa N, Gashaw T, Mengistu G. Investigating In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Medicinal Plants Having Folkloric Repute in Ethiopian Traditional Medicine. J Evid Based Integr Med. 2019; 24:2515690X19886276. DOI: 10.1177/2515690X19886276
9. Kristoffersen AE, Stub T, Broderstad AR, Hansen AH. Use of traditional and complementary medicine among Norwegian cancer patients in the seventh survey of the Tromsø study. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019; 19(1):341. DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2762-7
10. Heinrich M, Anagnostou S. From Pharmacognosia to DNA Based Medicinal Plant Authentication Pharmacognosy through the Centuries. Planta Med. 2017; 83(14-15):1110–1116. DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-108999
11. Restrepo DA, Saenz E, Jara OA, Calixto IF, Rodríguez S, Zulete P, et al. Erythroxylum in Focus: An Interdisciplinary Review of an Overlooked Genus. Molecules. 2019; 24(20):3788. DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203788
12. Gamarra V, Fuertes C, Chávez N, Contreras D, Goya E, Huamantumba K, et al. Metabolitos detectados en las hojas de Erythroxylum coca Lam y Erythroxylum novogranatense (Morris) Hieron y evaluación de sus propiedades biológicas mediante bioensayos. Rev Peru Med Integrativa. 2017; 2(4):828-34. DOI: 10.26722/rpmi.2017.24.70
13. Scarpetta L. Reconocimiento Fitoquímico y etnobotánico de Erythroxylum coca en la población Nasa del Departamento del Cauca – Colombia. Rev Crit Lib Jurid. 2017; 14(1):21-46. DOI: 10.18041/1794-7200/criteriojuridico.2017.v14n1.1601
14. Harun M, Ramadhany S, Suryajaya F. Streptococcus Colonial Growth of Dental Plaque Inhibition Using Flavonoid Extract of Ants Nest (Myrmecodia pendans): An in Vitro Study. Pesqui. Bras. Odontopediatría Clín Integr. 2019; 19:e4250. DOI: 10.4034/pboci.2019.191.19
15. Biondich A, Joslin J. Coca: High Altitude Remedy of the Ancient Incas. Wilderness Environ Med. 2015; 26(4):567–571. DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2015.07.006
16. Weil A. The therapeutic value of coca in contemporary medicine. J Ethnopharmacol. 1981; 3(2-3):367–376. DOI: 10.1016/0378-8741(81)90064-7
17. Loyola D, Mendoza R, Chiong L, Rueda M, Alvítez-Temoche D, Gallo W. Ethanol extract of Schinus molle L. (Molle) and Erythroxylum coca Lam (Coca): Antibacterial Properties at Different Concentrations against Streptococcus mutans: An In Vitro Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2020; 10(5):579-584. DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_237_20
18. Salman HA, Venkatesh S, Senthilkumar R, Gnanesh Kumar BS, Ali AM. Determination of antibacterial activity and metabolite profile of Ruta graveolens against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. J Lab Physicians. 2018; 10(3):320-325. DOI: 10.4103/JLP.JLP_160_17
19. Karadaglioglu ÖI, Ulusoy N, Baser KHC, Hanoglu A, Sik I. Antibacterial Activities of Herbal Toothpastes Combined with Essential Oils against Streptococcus mutans. Pathogens. 2019; 8(1):20. DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8010020
20. Enciso S. Actividad antibacteriana del extracto de Solanum tuberosum “Tocosh” y Clorhexidina al 0.12% sobre cepas de Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. In vitro [Tesis de título de Cirujano Dentista]. Lima: Universidad Nacional Federico Villareal, Facultad de Odontología; 2019. [acceso: 10/04/2020]. Disponible en: http://repositorio.unfv.edu.pe/handle/UNFV/3949
21. Castro M. Evaluación in vitro de la actividad antibacteriana y citotoxicidad de Caesalpinia spinosa (Molina) Kuntze “TARA” frente a Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) y Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 10556) [Tesis de maestría]. Lima: Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Facultad de Estomatología; 2017. [acceso: 10/04/2020]. Disponible en: https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12866/5973
22. Nassar H, Gregory R. Biofilm sensitivity of seven Streptococcus mutans strains to different fluoride levels. J Oral Microbiol. 2017; 9(1):1328265. DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1328265
23. Kim YH, Lee SY. Identification of non-streptococcal organisms from human dental plaque grown on the Streptococcus-selective medium mitis-salivarius agar. Arch Oral Biol. 2015; 60(2):267–271.DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.11.002
24. Yoo HJ, Jwa SK. Inhibitory effects of β-caryophyllene on Streptococcus mutans biofilm. Arch Oral Biol. 2018; 88:4246. DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.01.009
25. Patrzalek M, Kosecka M, Lisowska K, Trela M, Kot M, Kot M, et al. Preliminary evaluation of application of a 3-dimensional network structure of siloxanes Dergall preparation on chick embryo development and microbiological status of eggshells. Poultry Science. 2020; 99(3):1581-1590. DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.079
26. Salcedo MR. Comparación del efecto antibacteriano del extracto etanólico del Erythroxylum novogranatense var. Truxillense y Erythroxylum coca var coca frente al Streptococcus mutans [Tesis de título de Cirujano Dentista]. Lima: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Facultad de Odontología; 2018. [acceso: 10/04/2020]. Disponible en:
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/9308
27. Alvarado V, Moromi H. Plantas medicinales: Efecto antibacteriano in vitro de Plantago major L, Erythroxylum novogranatense Plowman var truxillense y Camellia sinensis sobre bacterias de importancia estomatológica. Odontol Sanmarquina. 2010; 13(2):21-25. DOI: 10.15381/os.v13i2.2853
28. Luna-Vílchez M, Díaz-Vélez C, Baca-Dejo F. Efecto del extracto acuoso, ácido y alcohólico de las hojas secas de Erythroxylum coca var coca (coca) en Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis y Candida albicans in vitro. Horiz Med. 2017 [acceso: 16/03/2022]; 17(1):25-30. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.pe/pdf/hm/v17n1/a05v17n1.pdf
Published
2022-07-22
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Cossio-Alva BA, Ruiz-Ramirez E, Sánchez-Tito M, Ruiz-Barrueto MA. Antibacterial effect of two extracts of Erythroxylum coca against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Rev Cubana Med Milit [Internet]. 2022 Jul. 22 [cited 2025 Apr. 17];51(3):e02202028. Available from: https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/2028
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