Factors related to post-traumatic stress in patients with medical discharge due to COVID-19
Keywords:
stress disorders post-traumatic, coronavirus infections, mental health.Abstract
Introduction: Hospitalization due to COVID-19 can predispose to the appearance of possible long-term psychological sequelae.
Objective: To determine the relationship between hospital and non-hospital factors with post-traumatic stress in patients discharged for COVID-19 from a hospital in Peru.
Methods: Cross-sectional study and correlational design. The non-probabilistic sample consisted of 126 participants, evaluated through a self-administered questionnaire and the Davidson Trauma Scale. For data processing, the chi-square test and Cramer's V were used as measures of the magnitude of effect.
Results: Post-traumatic stress disorder presents moderate associations with hospital factors: hospitalization time (p<0.001) (Cramer's V = 0.33), clinical type of COVID-19 (p<0.001) (Cramer's V = 0 .49) and invasive ventilatory support (p<0.001) (Cramer's V = 0.39); and with non-hospital factors: oxygen therapy in rehabilitation (p<0.001) (Cramer's V = 0.33), neurological sequelae (p<0.001) (Cramer's V = 0.41), respiratory distress (p<0.001) (Cramer's V = 0.53), perception of social discrimination (p<0.05) (Cramer's V = 0.29), difficulty returning to daily activities (p<0.001) (Cramer's V = 0.40) and family members infected with COVID-19 (p<0.001) (Cramer's V = 0.30).
Conclusions: There are both in-hospital and out-of-hospital factors associated with post-traumatic stress disorder following discharge from COVID-19.
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References
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22. Bryant R. Post-traumatic stress disorder: a state-of-the-art review of evidence and challenges. World Psychiatry. 2019 [acceso: 09/06/2021]; 18(3):259-69. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20656
23. Liu D, Baumeister R, Veilleux J, Chen C, Liu W, Yue Y, et a. Risk factors associated with mental illness in hospital discharged patients infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Psychiatry Res. 2020 [acceso: 09/06/2021]; 292:113297. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113297
24. Huarcaya J, Barreto J, Aire L, Podestá A, Caqui M, Guija-Igreda R, et al. Mental health in COVID-19 survivors from a general hospital: association with sociodemographic, clinical, and inflammatory variables. Research Square. 2021 [acceso: 09/06/2021];1-19. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-146200/v1
25. Abdelghani M, Hassan M, Alsadik M, Abdelmoaty A, Said A, Atwa S. Post-traumatic stress symptoms among an Egyptian sample of post-remission COVID-19 survivors: prevalence and sociodemographic and clinical correlates. Middle East Curr. Psychiatry. 2021 [acceso: 09/06/2021]; 28(20):1-8. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-021-00102-y
26. Chen Y, Huang X, Zhang C, An Y, Liang Y, Yang Y, et al. Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in China. BMC Psychiatry. 2021 [acceso: 09/06/2021]; 21(80):1-8. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03076-7
27. Cai X, Hu X, Pharm M, Ekumi I, Wang J, An Y, et al. Psychological distress and its correlates among COVID-19 survivors during early convalescence across age groups. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2020 [acceso: 09/06/2021]; 28(10):1030-39. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.07.003
2. Kaplan S. Sinopsis de la psiquiatría. 11va ed. Barcelona: Wolters Kluwer; 2015.
3. Black D, Andreasen N. Texto Introductorio de Psiquiatría. México: Manual Moderno; 2015.
4. Fhur D, Acarturk C, McGrath C, Ilkkursun Z, Sondorp E, Sijbrandij M, et al. Treatment gap and mental health service use among Syrian refugees in Sultanbeyli, Istanbul: a cross-sectional survey. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2020 [acceso: 09/06/2021]; 29:e70. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796019000660
5. Tarsitani L, Vassalini P, Koukopoulos A, Borrazzo C, Alessi F, Nicolantonio C, et al. Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Among COVID-19 Survivors at 3-Month Follow-up After Hospital Discharge. J Gen Intern Med. 2021 [acceso: 09/06/2021];36(6):1702-7. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-021-06731-7
6. Battle Ceri E, James K, Bromfield T, Temblett P. Predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder following critical illness: A mixed methods study. J Intensive Care Soc. 2017 [acceso: 10/06/2021];18(4):289-93. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1751143717713853
7. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Pandemia por enfermedad por coronavirus. Ginebra: OMS; 2021 [acceso: 18/04/2021]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019
8. Torales J, O'Higgins M, Castaldelli-Maia J, Ventriglio A. The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2020 [acceso: 11/06/2021]; 66(4):317-20. Disponible en: https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0020764020915212
9. Jeong H, Yim HW, Song YJ, Ki M, Min JA, Cho J, Chae J. Mental health status of people isolated due to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. Epidemiol Health. 2016 [acceso: 09/06/2021]; 38:e2016048. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2016048
10. Wing I, Ming C, Chyou P, Chung M, Lee V. Long-term psychiatric morbidities among SARS survivors. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2009 [acceso: 09/06/2021]; 31(4):318-26. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2009.03.001
11. Jakovljevic M, Bjedov S, Jacksic N, Jakovljevic I. COVID-19 Pandemia and Public and Global Mental Health from the perspective of Global Health Security. Psychiatr Danub. 2020 [acceso: 08/06/2021]; 32(1):6-14. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.24869/psyd.2020.6
12. Poyraz BÇ, Poyraz C, Olgun Y, Gurel O, Alkan S, Ozdemir Y, et al. Psychiatric morbidity and protracted symptoms after COVID-19. Psichiatry Res. 2021 [acceso: 08/06/2021]; 295:113604. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113604
13. Bellan M, Baricich A, Patrucco F, Zeppegno P, Gramaglia C, Balbo P, et al. Long-term sequelae are highly prevalent one year after hospitalization for severe COVID-19. Sci Rep. 2021 [acceso: 09/06/2021]; 11:22666. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01215-4
14. Tang W, Hu T, Hu B, Chunchan J, Wang G, Xie C, et al. Prevalence and correlates of PTSD and depressive symptoms one month after the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in a sample of home-quarantined Chinese university students. J. Affect. Disord. 2020 [acceso: 09/06/2021]; 274:1-7. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.009
15. Einvik G, Dammen T, Ghanima W, Heir T, Stavem K. Prevalence and risk factors for post-traumatic stress in hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Int. J. Environ Res Public Health. 2021 [acceso: 09/06/2021]; 18(4):2079. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18042079
16. Martillo M, Dangayach N, Tabacof L, Spielman L, Dams-O'Connor K, Chan C, et al. Postintensive Care Syndrome in Survivors of Critical Illness Related to Coronavirus Disease 2019: Cohort Study From a New York City Critical Care Recovery Clinic. Crit. Care Med. 2021 [acceso: 09/06/2021]; 49(9):1427-38. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000005014
17. Karatzias T, Shevlin M, Murphy J, McBride, O, Ben-Ezra M, Bentall R, et al. Posttraumatic stress symptoms and associated comorbidity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ireland: A population- based study. J. Trauma. Stress. 2020 [acceso: 09/06/2021]; 33(4):365-70. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22565
18. Davidson J, Book S, Colket J, Tupler L, Roth S, David D, et al. Assessment of a new self- rating scale for postraumatic disorder. Psychol Med. 1997 [acceso: 09/06/2021]; 27(1):153-60. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291796004229
19. Bobes J, Calcedo-Barba A, García M, Francois M, Rico-Villademoros F, González M, et al. Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of 5 questionnaires for the evaluation of post-traumatic stress syndrome. Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2000 [acceso: 10/06/2021]; 28(4):207-18. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11116791/
20. Domínguez-Lara S. Magnitud del efecto, una guía rápida. Educación Médica. 2018 [acceso: 09/06/2021]; 19(4):251-54. Disponible en: https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-educacion-medica-71-articulo-magnitud-del-efecto-una-guia-S1575181317301390
21. Costa A, Bak T, Caffarra P, Caltagirone C, Ceccaldi M, Collette F, et al. The need for harmonisation and innovation of neuropsychological assessment in neurodegenerative dementias in Europe: consensus document of the Joint Program for Neurodegenerative Diseases Working Group. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2017 [acceso: 09/06/2021]; 9(27):1-15. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-017-0254-x
22. Bryant R. Post-traumatic stress disorder: a state-of-the-art review of evidence and challenges. World Psychiatry. 2019 [acceso: 09/06/2021]; 18(3):259-69. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20656
23. Liu D, Baumeister R, Veilleux J, Chen C, Liu W, Yue Y, et a. Risk factors associated with mental illness in hospital discharged patients infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Psychiatry Res. 2020 [acceso: 09/06/2021]; 292:113297. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113297
24. Huarcaya J, Barreto J, Aire L, Podestá A, Caqui M, Guija-Igreda R, et al. Mental health in COVID-19 survivors from a general hospital: association with sociodemographic, clinical, and inflammatory variables. Research Square. 2021 [acceso: 09/06/2021];1-19. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-146200/v1
25. Abdelghani M, Hassan M, Alsadik M, Abdelmoaty A, Said A, Atwa S. Post-traumatic stress symptoms among an Egyptian sample of post-remission COVID-19 survivors: prevalence and sociodemographic and clinical correlates. Middle East Curr. Psychiatry. 2021 [acceso: 09/06/2021]; 28(20):1-8. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43045-021-00102-y
26. Chen Y, Huang X, Zhang C, An Y, Liang Y, Yang Y, et al. Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in China. BMC Psychiatry. 2021 [acceso: 09/06/2021]; 21(80):1-8. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03076-7
27. Cai X, Hu X, Pharm M, Ekumi I, Wang J, An Y, et al. Psychological distress and its correlates among COVID-19 survivors during early convalescence across age groups. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2020 [acceso: 09/06/2021]; 28(10):1030-39. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2020.07.003
Published
2022-09-15
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Rioja Castañeda ME, Santa Cruz Espinoza H. Factors related to post-traumatic stress in patients with medical discharge due to COVID-19. Rev Cubana Med Milit [Internet]. 2022 Sep. 15 [cited 2025 Jan. 30];51(3):e02202128. Available from: https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/2128
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