Association between muscular weakness, health conditions and lifestyles in older people
Keywords:
drip strength, muscular weakness, aged, older people, lifestyles, diseases.Abstract
Introduction: Muscle weakness is associated with a higher risk of chronic diseases and some unhealthy lifestyles; however, these associations have not been studied in the national population. Objective: To associate muscle weakness with health conditions and lifestyles in older people.Methods: Descriptive - correlational study that included 87 people over 60 years of age, distributed in men (n= 32) and women (n= 65) from 3 community centers in Talca, Chile obtained by a non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Muscle weakness was obtained using the hand grip test. Health conditions and lifestyles were obtained by self-report and validated questionnaires. The Chi-square test was used to establish associations between hand grip strength and different health conditions and lifestyles.
Results: In women, significant associations were observed between muscle weakness with excess body weight (p= 0.042), central obesity (p= 0.015), and diabetes (p= 0.041). A similar result was observed in men (p= 0.023, p= 0.014 and p= 0.011, respectively). Regarding lifestyles, physical inactivity was significantly associated with muscle weakness in older men and women.
Conclusions: There is an association between muscle weakness with some health conditions and unhealthy lifestyles, which suggests the incorporation of manual grip strength as a tool for early detection of health deterioration in older people.
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References
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22. Serón P, Muñoz S, Lanas F. Nivel de actividad física medida a través del cuestionario internacional de actividad física en población chilena. Rev Med Chile. 2010; 138:1232-9. DOI: 10.4067/S0034-98872010001100004
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24. Lera L, Albala C, Leyton B, Márquez C, Angel B, Saguez R, et al. Reference values of hand-grip dynamometry and the relationship between low strength and mortality in older Chileans. Clin Interv Aging. 2018; 13:317-24. DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S152946
25. Barrett M, McClure R, Villani A. Adiposity is inversely associated with strength in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur Geriatr Med. 2020; 11(3):451-8. DOI: 10.1007/s41999-020-00309-y
26. Mesinovic J, Zengin A, De Courten B, Ebeling PR, Scott D. Sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a bidirectional relationship. Diabet Metab Synd Ob. 2019; 12:1057-72. DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S186600
27. Bannerman E, Miller MD, Daniels LA, Cobiac L, Giles LC, Whitehead C, et al. Anthropometric indices predict physical function and mobility in older Australians: the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing. J Public Health. 2002; 5(5):655-62. DOI: 10.1079/PHN2002336
28. Koster A, Patel KV, Visser M, Van Eijk JTM, Kanaya AM, De Rekeneire N, et al. Joint effects of adiposity and physical activity on incident mobility limitation in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008; 56(4):636-43. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007. 01632.x
29. Choi KM. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. Korean J. Intern. Med. 2016; 31(6):1054- 9. DOI: 10.3803/EnM.2013.28.2.86
26. Serón P, Muñoz S, Lanas F. Nivel de actividad física medida a través del cuestionario internacional de actividad física en población chilena . Rev Med Chile. 2010; 138:1232-9. DOI: 10.4067/S0034-98872010001100004
30. Veronese N, Pizzol D, Demurtas J, Soysal P, Smith L, Sieber C, et al. Association between sarcopenia and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur Geriatr Med. 2019; 10(5):685-96. DOI:10.1007/s41999-019-00216-x
31. Kerner W, Brückel J. Definition, classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2014; 122(07):384-6. DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1366278
32. Su Y, Hirayama K, Han T-f, Izutsu M, Yuki M. Sarcopenia prevalence and risk factors among Japanese community dwelling older adults living in a snow-covered city according to EWGSOP2. J. Clin. Med. 2019; 8(3):291. DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030291
33. Shur N, Creedon L, Skirrow S, Atherton P, MacDonald I, Lund J, et al. Age-related changes in muscle architecture and metabolism in humans: the likely contribution of physical inactivity to age-related functional decline. Ageing Res Rev. 2021:101344. DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101344
34. Cavedon V, Milanese C, Laginestra FG, Giuriato G, Pedrinolla A, Ruzzante F, et al. Bone and skeletal muscle changes in oldest-old women: the role of physical inactivity. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020; 32(2):207-14. DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01352-x
2. Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruyère O, Cederholm T, et al. Sarcopenia: revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age and Ageing. 2019; 48(1):16-31. DOI 10.1093/ageing/afy169
3. Clark BC, Manini TM. What is dynapenia? Nutrition. 2012; 28(5):495-503. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.12.002
4. Menant J, Weber F, Lo J, Sturnieks D, Close J, Sachdev P, et al. Strength measures are better than muscle mass measures in predicting health-related outcomes in older people: time to abandon the term sarcopenia? Osteoporos Int. 2017; 28(1):59-70. DOI 10.1007/s00198-016-3691-7
5. Karatas GK, Gögüs F, Meray J. Reliability of isokinetic trunk muscle strength measurement. A Phys Med Rehabil. 2002 [acceso: 15/08/2022];81(2):79-85. Disponible en: https://journals.lww.com/ajpmr/Abstract/2002/02000/Reliability_of_Isokine-tic_Trunk_Muscle_Strength.1.aspx
6. Leong DP, Teo KK, Rangarajan S, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Avezum Jr A, Orlandini A, et al. Prognostic value of grip strength: findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. The Lancet. 2015; 386 (9990):266-73. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62000-6
7. Amaral CA, Amaral TLM, Monteiro GTR, Vasconcellos MTL, Portela MC. Hand grip strength: Reference values for adults and elderly people of Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. PloS one. 2019; 14(1):e0211452. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211452
8. Petermann-Rocha F, Ho FK, Welsh P, Mackay D, Brown R, Gill JM, et al. Physical capability markers used to define sarcopenia and their association with cardiovascular and respiratory outcomes and all-cause mortality: A prospective study from UK Biobank. Maturitas. 2020; 138:69-75. DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.04.017
9. Vancampfort D, Stubbs B, Firth J, Smith L, Swinnen N, Koyanagi A. Associations between handgrip strength and mild cognitive impairment in middle‐aged and older adults in six low‐and middle‐income countries. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2019;34(4):609-16. DOI: 10.1002/gps.5061
10. Yang L, Koyanagi A, Smith L, Hu L, Colditz GA, Toriola AT, et al. Hand grip strength and cognitive function among elderly cancer survivors. PloS one. 2018; 13(6):e0197909. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197909
11. Liu W, Leong DP, Hu B, AhTse L, Rangarajan S, Wang Y, et al. The association of grip strength with cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality in people with hypertension: Findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology China Study. J Sport Health Sci. 2021; 10(6):629-36. DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.10.005
12. Strand BH, Cooper R, Bergland A, Jørgensen L, Schirmer H, Skirbekk V, et al. The association of grip strength from midlife onwards with all-cause and cause-specific mortality over 17 years of follow-up in the Tromsø Study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2016 [acceso: 15/08/2022]; 70(12):1214-21. Disponible en: https://jech.bmj.com/content/70/12/1214.full
13. Kishimoto H, Hata J, Ninomiya T, Nemeth H, Hirakawa Y, Yoshida D, et al. Midlife and late-life handgrip strength and risk of cause-specific death in a general Japanese population: the Hisayama Study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2015 [acceso: 15/08/2022]; 68(7):663-8. Disponible en: https://jech.bmj.com/content/68/7/663.short
14. Nofuji Y, Shinkai S, Taniguchi Y, Amano H, Nishi M, Murayama H, et al. Associations of walking speed, grip strength, and standing balance with total and cause-specific mortality in a general population of Japanese elders. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2016; 17(2):184. e1- e7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2015.11.003
15. Zaccardi F, Franks PW, Dudbridge F, Davies MJ, Khunti K, Yates T. Mortality risk comparing walking pace to handgrip strength and a healthy lifestyle: a UK Biobank study. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2019:2047487319885041. DOI: 10.1177/2047487319885041
16. Chen H-C, Hsu N-W, Chou P. The association between sleep duration and hand grip strength in community-dwelling older adults: the Yilan study, Taiwan. Sleep. 2017; 40(4):zsx021. DOI:10.1093/sleep/zsx021
17. De Lima TR, Silva DAS, de Castro JAC, Christofaro DGD. Handgrip strength and associated sociodemographic and lifestyle factors: a systematic review of the adult population. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies. 2017; 21(2):401-13. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2016.08.017
18. Organización Panamericana de Salud (OPS). Parte 1: Módulos de Valoración clínica. Módulo 5: Valoración Nutricional del Adulto Mayor. editor. 2003 [acceso: 15/08/2022]. Disponible en: https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/39962
19. Ministerio de Salud (MINSAL). Departamento de Epidemiología. Encuentra Nacional de Salud 2009-2010. MINSAL; 2011. [acceso: 15/08/2022]. Disponible en: https://www.minsal.cl/portal/url/item/bcb03d7bc28b64dfe040010165012d23.pdf
20. Buiza C, Navarro A, Díaz-Orueta U, González MF, Álaba J, Arriola E, et al. Evaluación breve del estado cognitivo de la demencia en estadios avanzados: resultados preliminares de la validación española del Severe Mini-Mental State Examination. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol. 2011; 46(3):131-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2010.09.006
21. Ministerio de Salud (MINSAL)-Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017. Manual de aplicación del cuestionario. F1. Centro de Estudios y Relevamientos Longitudinales UC, MINSAL; 2016 [acceso: 15/08/2022]. Disponible en: https://www.minsal.cl/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/ENS-2016-17_PRIMEROS-RESULTADOS.pdf
22. Serón P, Muñoz S, Lanas F. Nivel de actividad física medida a través del cuestionario internacional de actividad física en población chilena. Rev Med Chile. 2010; 138:1232-9. DOI: 10.4067/S0034-98872010001100004
23. Ministerio de Salud (MINSAL). Manual de Aplicación de medicina preventive del adulto mayor, Programa de Salud del adulto. MINSAL; 2008. [acceso: 15/08/2022]. Disponible en: https://www.minsal.cl/portal/url/item/ab1f81f43ef0c2a6e04001011e011907.pdf
24. Lera L, Albala C, Leyton B, Márquez C, Angel B, Saguez R, et al. Reference values of hand-grip dynamometry and the relationship between low strength and mortality in older Chileans. Clin Interv Aging. 2018; 13:317-24. DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S152946
25. Barrett M, McClure R, Villani A. Adiposity is inversely associated with strength in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eur Geriatr Med. 2020; 11(3):451-8. DOI: 10.1007/s41999-020-00309-y
26. Mesinovic J, Zengin A, De Courten B, Ebeling PR, Scott D. Sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a bidirectional relationship. Diabet Metab Synd Ob. 2019; 12:1057-72. DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S186600
27. Bannerman E, Miller MD, Daniels LA, Cobiac L, Giles LC, Whitehead C, et al. Anthropometric indices predict physical function and mobility in older Australians: the Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing. J Public Health. 2002; 5(5):655-62. DOI: 10.1079/PHN2002336
28. Koster A, Patel KV, Visser M, Van Eijk JTM, Kanaya AM, De Rekeneire N, et al. Joint effects of adiposity and physical activity on incident mobility limitation in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008; 56(4):636-43. DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007. 01632.x
29. Choi KM. Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. Korean J. Intern. Med. 2016; 31(6):1054- 9. DOI: 10.3803/EnM.2013.28.2.86
26. Serón P, Muñoz S, Lanas F. Nivel de actividad física medida a través del cuestionario internacional de actividad física en población chilena . Rev Med Chile. 2010; 138:1232-9. DOI: 10.4067/S0034-98872010001100004
30. Veronese N, Pizzol D, Demurtas J, Soysal P, Smith L, Sieber C, et al. Association between sarcopenia and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur Geriatr Med. 2019; 10(5):685-96. DOI:10.1007/s41999-019-00216-x
31. Kerner W, Brückel J. Definition, classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2014; 122(07):384-6. DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1366278
32. Su Y, Hirayama K, Han T-f, Izutsu M, Yuki M. Sarcopenia prevalence and risk factors among Japanese community dwelling older adults living in a snow-covered city according to EWGSOP2. J. Clin. Med. 2019; 8(3):291. DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030291
33. Shur N, Creedon L, Skirrow S, Atherton P, MacDonald I, Lund J, et al. Age-related changes in muscle architecture and metabolism in humans: the likely contribution of physical inactivity to age-related functional decline. Ageing Res Rev. 2021:101344. DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101344
34. Cavedon V, Milanese C, Laginestra FG, Giuriato G, Pedrinolla A, Ruzzante F, et al. Bone and skeletal muscle changes in oldest-old women: the role of physical inactivity. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020; 32(2):207-14. DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01352-x
Published
2022-12-15
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Adriazola-Jofré M, Oses J, Troncoso-Pantoja C, Parra-Soto S, Concha-Cisternas Y. Association between muscular weakness, health conditions and lifestyles in older people. Rev Cubana Med Milit [Internet]. 2022 Dec. 15 [cited 2025 Apr. 2];51(4):e02202343. Available from: https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/2343
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