Sociocultural, sexual and reproductive factors associated with the non-use of contraceptive methods in female adolescents
Keywords:
adolescent, sexual behavior, contraception, family planning, risk factors.Abstract
Introduction: Teenage pregnancy is a public health problem in Peru; however, there is a number of sexually active adolescents without contraceptive protection.Objective: To determine the sociocultural, sexual and reproductive factors associated with the non-use of contraceptive methods in female adolescents.
Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional research; a secondary base analysis of the Demographic and Family Health Survey carried out in Peru, 2019 was applied. The population consisted of 1871 women between the ages of 15 to 19 years and those who had not started their sexual life or with incomplete data were excluded. Pearson's ji-square test and Poisson Regression were used for statistical analysis.
Results: 46,6 % of adolescents did not use contraceptive methods. Non-use of contraceptive methods was associated with sociocultural factors such as age between 15 to 17 years, higher educational level, current attendance at an educational institution, reason for leaving school (p<0,05); and sexual and reproductive factors such as: not currently having sexual partners, age of first sexual intercourse between 15 and 19 years, not having children and not living with a partner (p<0,05). According to the multivariate analysis, being 15 to 17 years old increases the prevalence of not using contraceptive methods (RPa: 1,21 CI: 1,09-1,33). However, having sexual partners (RPa:0,48 CI:0,44-0,52). However, having sexual partners (RPa:0,48 CI:0,44-0,52) and children (RPa:0,49 CI:0,45-0,55) reduced the prevalence of non-use of contraceptives.
Conclusions: The sociocultural, sexual and reproductive factors associated with the non-use of contraception were the age of 15 to 17 years, having sexual partners and children.
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References
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23. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Organización Mundial de La Salud. América Latina y el Caribe tienen la segunda tasa más alta de embarazo adolescente en el mundo. Pan American Health Organization / World Health Organization. 2018 [acceso: 02/09/2022]. Disponible en: https://www3.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=14163:latin-america-and-the-caribbean-have-the-second-highest-adolescent-pregnancy-rates-in-the-world&Itemid=1926&lang=es#gsc.tab=0
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26. Olika AK, Kitila SB, Terfa YB, Olika AK. Contraceptive use among sexually active female adolescents in Ethiopia: trends and determinants from national demographic and health surveys. Reprod Health. 2021; 18(1):104. DOI: 10.1186/s12978-021-01161-4
27. Ministerio de Educación del Perú. Guía para implementar la educación sexual integral. Recurso educativo dirigido a docentes de Educación Básica Regular. Ministerio de Educación; 2021 [acceso 02/09/2022]. Disponible en: https://repositorio.minedu.gob.pe/handle/20.500.12799/7640
28. Pérez-Palma LG. Embarazo adolescente en el Perú: rol de la información y comunicación [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Lima, Perú: Universidad de Lima; 2018 [acceso 02/09/2022]. Disponible en: http://200.11.53.159/handle/ulima/7553
29. Dunn S, Xiong AQ, Nuernberger K, Norman WV. Non-use of Contraception by Canadian Youth Aged 15 to 24: Findings From the 2009-2010 Canadian Community Health Survey. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada. 2019; 41(1):29-37. DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2018.05.021
30. Vázquez-Rodríguez CF, Vazquez-Nava F, Vazquez-Rodriguez EM, Castillo-Ruiz O, Vargas Correa JB, Ortega Betancourt NV. Family, personal, and social factors associated with the non-use of contraceptive methods during the first sexual experience in adolescent women. J Public Health Policy. febrero de 2018; 39(1):100-10. DOI: 10.1057/s41271-017-0094-8
31. Ministerio de Salud del Perú. Norma Técnica de Salud de Planificación Familiar. Ministerio de Salud del Perú; 2017 [acceso: 04/08/2022]. Disponible en Disponible en: http://bvs.minsa.gob.pe/local/MINSA/4191.pdf
2. Boamah-Kaali EA, Mevissen FEF, Owusu-Agyei S, Enuameh Y, Asante KP, Ruiter RAC. A Qualitative Exploration of Factors Explaining Non-Uptake of Hormonal Contraceptives Among Adolescent Girls in Rural Ghana: The Adolescent Girls' Perspective. Open Access J Contracept. 2021; 12:173-85. DOI: 10.2147/OAJC.S320038
3. Adeniyi OV, Ajayi AI, Moyaki MG, Goon DT, Avramovic G, Lambert J. High rate of unplanned pregnancy in the context of integrated family planning and HIV care services in South Africa. BMC Health Services Research. 2018; 18(1):140. DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-2942-z
4. Ochen AM, Chi PC, Lawoko S. Predictors of teenage pregnancy among girls aged 13-19?years in Uganda: a community based case-control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2019; 19(1):211. DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2347-y
5. Fondo de Población de las Naciones Unidas (UNFPA). América Latina y el Caribe Tienen la Segunda Tasa Más Alta de Embarazo Adolescente en el Mundo. UNFPA América Latina y el Caribe. 2018 [acceso: 30/07/2022]. Disponible en: https://lac.unfpa.org/es/news/am%C3%A9rica-latina-y-el-caribe-tienen-la-segunda-tasa-m%C3%A1s-alta-de-embarazo-adolescente-en-el-mund-1
6. Bellizzi S, Pichierri G, Menchini L, Barry J, Sotgiu G, Bassat Q. The impact of underuse of modern methods of contraception among adolescents with unintended pregnancies in 12 low- and middle-income countries. J Glob Health. 2019; 9(2):020429. DOI: 10.7189/jogh.09.020429
7. Adeyemi AB, Ijadunola KT, Orji EO, Kuti O, Alabi MM. The unmet need for contraception among Nigerian women in the first year post-partum. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2005; 10(4):229-34. DOI: 10.1080/13625180500279763
8. Wulifan JK, Brenner S, Jahn A, De Allegri M. A scoping review on determinants of unmet need for family planning among women of reproductive age in low and middle income countries. BMC Womens Health. 2016; 16(2):1-15. DOI: 10.1186/s12905-015-0281-3
9. Lindberg LD, Santelli JS, Desai S. Changing Patterns of Contraceptive Use and the Decline in Rates of Pregnancy and Birth Among U.S. Adolescents, 2007-2014. J Adolesc Health. 2018; 63(2):253-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.05.017
10. Aracena-Genao B, Leyva-Flores R, Gutiérrez-Reyes JP. Economic cost of pregnancy care attributable to the failure of Mexico's teenage pregnancy prevention policy. Cad Saude Publica. 2022; 38(6):e00109721. DOI: 10.1590/0102-311XES109721
11. Ministerio de Salud. Documento Técnico: Situación de salud de los adolescentes y jóvenes en el Perú. 2017. Ministerio de Salud; 2017 [acceso: 20/07/2022]. Disponible en: http://bvs.minsa.gob.pe/local/MINSA/4143.pdf
12. Agyemang J, Newton S, Nkrumah I, Tsoka-Gwegweni JM, Cumber SN. Contraceptive use and associated factors among sexually active female adolescents in Atwima Kwanwoma District, Ashanti region-Ghana. Pan African Medical Journal. 2019; 32(182):1-13. DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.32.182.15344
13. De Vargas Nunes Coll C, Ewerling F, Hellwig F, de Barros AJD. Contraception in adolescence: the influence of parity and marital status on contraceptive use in 73 low-and middle-income countries. Reprod Health. 2019; 16(1):21. DOI: 10.1186/s12978-019-0686-9
14. Gyan SE, Marhefka-Day S. Exploring Adolescents' (Non-)Use of Modern Contraceptives in Ghana Through the Lens of the Theory of Gender and Power. Arch Sex Behav 2021;50(6):2411-21. DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-01914-z
15. Villalobos-Hernández A, Campero L, Suárez-López L, Atienzo E, Estrada F, De la Vara-Salazar E. Embarazo adolescente y rezago educativo: análisis de una encuesta nacional en México. Salud Pública de México. 2015; 57(2):135-43. DOI: 10.21149/11519
16. Noll M, Noll PRES, Gomes JM, Soares Júnior JM, Silveira EA, Sorpreso ICE. Associated factors and sex differences in condom non-use among adolescents: Brazilian National School Health Survey (PeNSE). Reproductive Health. 2020;17(1):139. DOI:10.1186/s12978-020-00987-8
17. Woolley NO, Macinko J. Association between sociodemographic characteristics and sexual behaviors among a nationally representative sample of adolescent students in Brazil. Cad Saúde Pública. 2019; 35(2):e00208517. DOI: 10.1590/0102-311X00208517
18. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Practice. An introduction to Applied Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Third Edition. EE.UU: U.S. Department of Health and human Services; 2012 [acceso: 19/07/2022]. Disponible en: https://www.cdc.gov/csels/dsepd/ss1978/ss1978.pdf
19. Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI). Ficha Técnica Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar 2019. Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática; 2019 [acceso: 20/07/2022]. Disponible en: https://proyectos.inei.gob.pe/endes/2019/documentos_2019/FICHA_TECNICA_ENDE-S%202019.pdf
20. Hernández-Vásquez A, Chacón-Torrico H. Manipulación, análisis y visualización de datos de la encuesta demográfica y de salud familiar con el programa R. Rev. Perú Med. Exp. Salud Publica 2019; 36 (1): 128-33. DOI: 10.17843/rpmesp.2019.361.4062
21. Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática. Microdatos. Base de datos. 2019 [acceso: 06/02/2022]. Disponible en: https://proyectos.inei.gob.pe/microdatos/
22. Cañizares M, Barroso I, Alfonso A, García R, Alfonso K, Chang M, et al. Estimaciones usadas en diseños muestrales complejos: aplicaciones en la encuesta de salud cubana del año 2001. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2004;15(3) 176-184. [acceso: 27/02/2023]. Disponible en: https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/8263
23. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Organización Mundial de La Salud. América Latina y el Caribe tienen la segunda tasa más alta de embarazo adolescente en el mundo. Pan American Health Organization / World Health Organization. 2018 [acceso: 02/09/2022]. Disponible en: https://www3.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=14163:latin-america-and-the-caribbean-have-the-second-highest-adolescent-pregnancy-rates-in-the-world&Itemid=1926&lang=es#gsc.tab=0
24. Mesa de Concertación de Lucha contra la Pobreza. Embarazo en adolescentes y niñas en el Perú. Un problema de salud pública, derechos y oportunidades para las mujeres. Fondo de Población de la Naciones Unidas (UNFPA); 2018 [acceso 12/06/2022]. Disponible en: https://peru.unfpa.org/es/publications/embarazo-en-adolescentes-y-ni%C3%B1as-en-el-per%C3%BA-alerta-de-la-mclcp
25. Ministerio de Justicia. Código Penal. Decreto Legislativo N°635. Sistema Peruano de Información Jurídica; 2018 [acceso: 10/07/2022]. Disponible en: https://www2.congreso.gob.pe/sicr/cendocbib/con5_uibd.nsf/001CD7E61860574505-2583280052F800/$FILE/COD-PENAL_actualizado_16-09-2018.pdf
26. Olika AK, Kitila SB, Terfa YB, Olika AK. Contraceptive use among sexually active female adolescents in Ethiopia: trends and determinants from national demographic and health surveys. Reprod Health. 2021; 18(1):104. DOI: 10.1186/s12978-021-01161-4
27. Ministerio de Educación del Perú. Guía para implementar la educación sexual integral. Recurso educativo dirigido a docentes de Educación Básica Regular. Ministerio de Educación; 2021 [acceso 02/09/2022]. Disponible en: https://repositorio.minedu.gob.pe/handle/20.500.12799/7640
28. Pérez-Palma LG. Embarazo adolescente en el Perú: rol de la información y comunicación [Tesis de Licenciatura]. Lima, Perú: Universidad de Lima; 2018 [acceso 02/09/2022]. Disponible en: http://200.11.53.159/handle/ulima/7553
29. Dunn S, Xiong AQ, Nuernberger K, Norman WV. Non-use of Contraception by Canadian Youth Aged 15 to 24: Findings From the 2009-2010 Canadian Community Health Survey. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada. 2019; 41(1):29-37. DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2018.05.021
30. Vázquez-Rodríguez CF, Vazquez-Nava F, Vazquez-Rodriguez EM, Castillo-Ruiz O, Vargas Correa JB, Ortega Betancourt NV. Family, personal, and social factors associated with the non-use of contraceptive methods during the first sexual experience in adolescent women. J Public Health Policy. febrero de 2018; 39(1):100-10. DOI: 10.1057/s41271-017-0094-8
31. Ministerio de Salud del Perú. Norma Técnica de Salud de Planificación Familiar. Ministerio de Salud del Perú; 2017 [acceso: 04/08/2022]. Disponible en Disponible en: http://bvs.minsa.gob.pe/local/MINSA/4191.pdf
Published
2023-06-08
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Garrote Solis UM, Santos Rosales YR, Correa Lopez MY, Campos Correa KE. Sociocultural, sexual and reproductive factors associated with the non-use of contraceptive methods in female adolescents. Rev Cubana Med Milit [Internet]. 2023 Jun. 8 [cited 2025 Feb. 5];52(2):e02302627. Available from: https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/2627
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