New cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly

Authors

Keywords:

older adult, cardiovascular diseases, risk factor's, mortality.

Abstract

Introduction: Possible non-traditional predictors of cardiovascular diseases in older people have been explored.
Objective: Identify non-traditional risk factors predictive of mortality from cardiovascular diseases in older adults.
Method: An analytical case-control study was carried out on older adult patients belonging to 3 health areas of the Santiago de Cuba municipality, during the year 2021. Cases: patients who died due to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and controls, older adult patients alive, without the disease. The cross-product ratio (OR), the confidence interval (CI) and the chi-square test were determined to identify the factors that were associated with the onset of the disease.
Results: Frailty (OR= 3.380; CI: 2.476-4.615; p= 0.000) and cognitive impairment (OR= 2.731; CI: 2.006-3.717; p= 0.000) showed a very significant statistical association with mortality; patients with 3 or more risk factors presented a higher risk of mortality (OR= 4.683).
Conclusions: Frailty and multimorbidity are new predictors of mortality from cardiovascular diseases in older adults, which when associated imply greater risk.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Paramio A, Aguilera L, Carrazana E, Hernández M. Riesgo cardiovascular global en tres casas de abuelos del municipio Boyeros. Revista Cubana de Medicina General Integral. 2021 [acceso: 23/01/2023]; 37(4): e1417. Disponible en: https://revmgi.sld.cu/index.php/mgi/article/view/1417

2. Ministerio de Salud Pública. Dirección nacional de registros médicos y estadísticas de salud. Anuario estadístico. 2021 [acceso: 20/01/2023]. Disponible en: https://files.sld.cu/dne/files/2022/10/Anuario-Estadistico-de-Salud-2021.-Ed-2022.pdf

3. Pérez MD, Valdés Y, Pérez L, López C, Jiménez A, Orduñez P. Hipertensión arterial en el adulto. Guía de actuación para la atención primaria de salud. La Habana, Cuba. 2021 [acceso: 23/01/2023]. Disponible en: https://temas.sld.cu/hipertension/files/2022/02/GU%c3%8dA-DE-ACTUACI%c3%93N-FINAL-6.12.21.pdf

4. Wilkinson MJ, Manoogian ENC, Zadourian A, Lo H, Fakhouri S, Shoghi A, et al. Ten-Hour time-restricted eating reduces weight, blood pressure, and atherogenic lipids in patients with metabolic syndrome. Cell Metab. 2020 [acceso: 23/01/2023]; 31(1):92-104. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6953486/

5. Hierrezuelo N, Álvarez JT, Cruz J, Limia AJ. Factores de riesgo asociados a enfermedades cardiovasculares. Rev Cub de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular. 2021 [acceso: 23/01/2023]; 27(4):1-8. Disponible en: http://revcardiologia.sld.cu/index.php/revcardiologia/article/view/1193

6. Benetos A, Petrovic M, Strandberg T. Hypertension management in older and frail older patients. Circ Res. 2019; 124(7):1045-60. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.313236

7. Dalton JE, Rothberg MB, Dawson NV, Krieger NI, Zidar DA, Perzynski AT. Failure of traditional risk factors to adequately predict cardiovascular events in older populations. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020 [acceso: 22/01/2023]; 68(4):754-61. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/31958154/

8. Forman DE, Fleg JL, Kass N. Enfermedad cardiovascular en las personas mayores. En Mann DL, Zipes DP, Tomaselli GF, Robert PL. Braunwal. Tratado de Cardiología. 11 ed. Elsevier; 2020. p. 1735:66.

9. Duarte N. Riesgo de Mortalidad en Personas Mayores de 65 años. Deterioro Cognitivo y Alteración de la Funcionalidad: Revisión Sistemática [Tesis de grado]. Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca. 2018. [acceso: 25/01/2023]. Disponible en: https://gredos.usal.es/bitstream/handle/10366/143540/TFM_DuaN-_riesgo.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

10. Díez P, Arizá A, Vidán MT, Bonanad C, Formiga F, Sanchis J, et al. Recommendations of the Geriatric Cardiology Section of the Spanish Society of Cardiology for the Assessment of Frailty in Elderly Patients With Heart Disease. Rev Esp Cardiol. 2019 [acceso: 25/01/2023]; 72(1):63-71. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30269913/

11. Sánchez JR, Escare C, Castro VE, Robles CR, Vergara MI, Jara CT. Polifarmacia en adulto mayor, impacto en su calidad de vida. Revisión de literatura. Rev. Salud Pública. 2019 [acceso: 26/01/2023]; 21(2):271-7.Disponible en: https://www.scielosp.org/pdf/rsap/2019.v21n2/271-277/es

12. Camacho A. Multimorbilidad [Tesis Doctoral]. Colombia: Universidad Nacional de Colombia. 2020 [acceso: 26/01/2023]. Disponible en: http://www.acgg.org.co/pdfs_memorias/Multimorbilidad.pdf

13. Schmidt M, Eckardt R, Altmeppen S, Wernecke KD, Espías C. Functional impairment prior to major non-cardiac surgery is associated with mortality within one year in elderly patients with gastrointestinal, gynaecological and urogenital cancer: A prospective observational cohort study. Journal of Geriatric Oncology. 2018; 9(1);53-59. DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2017.07.011

14. Herrera D, Soriano AN, Rodrigo PK, Toro CJ. Prevalencia del síndrome de fragilidad y factores asociados en adultos mayores. Rev Cub Med Gener Integral. 2020 [acceso: 27/01/2023]; 36(2):e1098. Disponible en https://revmgi.sld.cu/index.php/mgi/article/view/1098

15. Veronese N (editor). Frailty and Cardiovascular Diseases: Research into an Elderly Population. Switzerland: Springer; 2020. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-33330-0

16. Hoogendijk EO, Romero L, Sánchez PM, Flores T , Viña J, Rodríguez L, et al. A New Functional Classification Based on Frailty and Disability Stratifies the Risk for Mortality Among Older Adults: The FRADEA Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2019 [acceso: 27/01/2023; 20(9):1105-10. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30853426

17. Khan H, Kalogeropoulos AP, Georgiopoulou VV, Newman AB, Harris TB, Rodondi N, et al. Frailty and risk for heart failure in older adults: the health, aging, and body composition study. Am Heart J. 2013; 166(5):887-94. DOI: 10.1016/j.ahj.2013.07.032

18. Wang Y, Han HR, Yang W, Zhang H, Zhang J, Ruan H, et al. Associations between risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and frailty among community-dwelling older adults in Lanzhou, China. Int J Nurs Sci. 2021 [acceso: 27/01/2023]; 8(2):168-74 Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8105554/

19. Plasencia CI, Salvatierra BK, Velásquez JM, Runzer FM, Parodi JF. Polifarmacia y mortalidad en adultos mayores: El rol del sexo y la comorbilidad. Rev haban cienc méd. 2022 [acceso: 27/01/2023]; 21(1): e4147. Disponible en: http://www.revhabanera.sld.cu/index.php/rhab/article/view/4147

20. Soysal P, Arik F, Smith L, Jackson SE, Turan A . Inflammation, frailty and cardiovascular disease. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020 [acceso: 27/01/2023]; 1216:55-64. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31894547

21. Schafer I, Kaduszkiewiz H, Nguyen TS, van den H , Scherer M, Schön G. Multimorbidity patterns and 5 years overall mortality: Results from a claims data based obervational study. J Comorbidity. 2018 [acceso: 27/01/2023]; 8(1):1-13. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/30560093/

22. Hall M, Dondo TB, Yan AT, Mamas MA, Timmis AD, DeanfieldJE, et al. Multimorbidity and survival for patients with acute myocardial infarction in England and Wales: Latent class analysis of a nationwide population based cohort. Lam CSP, editor. PloSMed. 2018 [acceso: 27/01/2023]; 15(3):e10025001. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29509764/

23. Sánchez E. Historia cardiológica. Comorbilidad. Aspectos farmacológicos. En: Díez Villanueva P (coordinador). Manual de cardiopatía en el adulto anciano. Madrid: IMC; 2022. p. 17-24. [acceso: 27/01/2023]. Disponible en: https://secardiologia.es/images/secciones/geriatrica/Manual-cardiopatias_Interactivo.pdf

24. Brenes L, de la Cruz JP, Cascudo N, Romero L. Multimorbilidad y demencia: su relación en pacientes mayores atendidos en Servicios Ambulatorios. CITED, 2017-2019. En: Convención Internacional Cuba Salud 2022. La Habana: Ministerio de Salud Pública; 2022. [acceso: 27/01/2023] Disponible en: https://convencionsalud.sld.cu/index.php/convencionsalud22/2022-/paper/viewFile/1254/508

25. Van EF, Hoevenaar MP, Pobretvliet RKE, Gussekloo J, Van JV, Van WA. Predictive value of traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease in older people: A systematic review. Preventive Med. 2020 [acceso: 20/01/2023] 132:105986. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009174352030010-4?via%3Dihub

26. Eurelings LS, Van JW, Ter G, Mol CHEP, Richard E, Van W. Apathy and depressive symptoms in older people and incident myocardial infarction, stroke, and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. Clin Epidemiol. 2018 [acceso: 20/01/2023]; 10: 363- 379. Disponible en: https://www.dovepress.com/apathy-and-depressive-symptoms-in-older-people-and-incident-myocardial-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-CLEP

27. Liang X, Huang Y, Han X. Associations between coronary heart disease and risk of cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis. Brain Behav. 2021 [acceso: 30/01/2023]; 11(5):e02108. Disponible en: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33742562/

Downloads

Published

2023-12-05

How to Cite

1.
Rojas NHR, Caballero GDR, Magdariaga AH, Bonal Ruiz R. New cardiovascular risk factors in the elderly. Rev Cubana Med Milit [Internet]. 2023 Dec. 5 [cited 2025 Apr. 3];52(4):e02303034. Available from: https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/3034

Issue

Vol. 52 No. 4 (2023): October - december

Section

Research Article

License

Authors who have publications with this Journal accept the following terms:

  • The authors will retain their copyright and guarantee the Journal the right of first publication of their work, which will simultaneously be subject to the Creative Commons Attribution License. The content presented here can be shared, copied and redistributed in any medium or format; Can be adapted, remixed, transformed or created from the material, using the following terms: Attribution (giving appropriate credit to the work, providing a link to the license, and indicating if changes have been made); non-commercial (you cannot use the material for commercial purposes) and share-alike (if you remix, transform or create new material from this work, you can distribute your contribution as long as you use the same license as the original work).
  • The authors may adopt other non-exclusive license agreements for the distribution of the published version of the work (for example: depositing it in an institutional electronic archive or publishing it in a monographic volume) as long as the initial publication in this Journal is indicated.
  • Authors are allowed and recommended to disseminate their work through the Internet (e.g., in institutional electronic archives or on their website) before and during the submission process, which can produce interesting exchanges and increase citations. of the published work.