Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral psychotherapy under hypnotic state in depressed patients with COVID-19

Authors

Keywords:

COVID-19, depression, cognitive behavioral psychotherapy, hypnosis, vigil.

Abstract

Introduction: The first cases diagnosed in Cuba of COVID-19 were received in Santa Clara. Based on reported emotional disturbances, it was decided to use Cognitive Behavioral psychotherapy as a therapeutic resource to treat consequent depressive states.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral psychotherapy under hypnosis in patients with post-COVID-19 depression.
Methods: An explanatory study with a quantitative approach was carried out. The sample was randomly selected in 30 patients divided into 2 groups, admitted between April and September 2020 and diagnosed with COVID-19. The Beck Depression Inventory was used to assess depressive state before and after the intervention with psychotherapy in the waking state and in hypnosis.
Results: In both groups, the depressive symptoms disappeared, in 97 % of the patients the depressive state was eliminated. Psychotherapy with a Cognitive Behavioral approach in a vigilant and hypnotic state was considered effective in post-COVID-19 depression after evaluating improvement in more than 50 % of cases. The group that received psychotherapy in a hypnotic state required half as many sessions as the waking group.
Conclusions: Cognitive behavioral therapy in a hypnotic state is effective, reducing cognitive distortions, levels of depression and depressive symptoms.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. Peramo-Álvarez FP, López-Zúñiga MÁ, López-Ruz MÁ. Medical sequels of COVID-19. Med Clin (Barc). 2021; 157(8):388-394. DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2021.04.023

2. Jáuregui-Buitrago MT. "Secuelas del COVID-19, ¿qué viene ahora?" MedUNAB. 2021 [acceso: 25/10/2021]; 24(2):276-8. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/journal/719/71968598011/

3. Taquet M, Luciano S, Geddes JR, Harrison PJ. Bidirectional associations between COVID-19 and psychiatric disorder: retrospective cohort studies of 62 354 COVID-19 cases in the USA. Lancet Psychiatry. 2021 [acceso: 15/10/2021];8(2):130-40. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7820108/

4. Morales Fuhrimann C. La depresión: Un reto para toda la sociedad del que debemos hablar. Rev Cubana Salud Pública. 2017 [acceso: 15/11/2021]; 43(2):136-8. Disponible: https://www.scielosp.org/pdf/rcsp/2017.v43n2/136-138/es

5. Chiliquinga NSR, Mina LÁP, Villavicencio IGJ, Rolando BIS, Urgilez MR. Factores de riesgo asociados a depresión y ansiedad por COVID-19 (SARS-Cov-2). Journal of America health. 2021 [acceso: 15/10/2021]; 4(1):63-71. Disponible en: http://jah-journal.com/index.php/jah/article/view/64/150

6. Aguilar-Sigüeñas LE, Cruz-Vásquez YK, Villarreal-Zegarra D. Secuelas post-COVID en salud mental: una revisión narrativa. Revista Médica Vallejiana. 2021 [acceso: 23/9/2021]; 10(2):105-18. Disponible en: http://revistas.ucv.edu.pe/index.php/revistamedicavallejiana/article/view/270/260

7. Hernando JEC. Seguimiento de los pacientes con secuelas no respiratorias de la COVID-19. FMC. 2021 [acceso: 25/10/2021]; 28(2):81-89. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7909903/

8. Lopez-Leon S, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Perelman C, Sepulveda R, Rebolledo PA, Cuapio A y et al. More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2021 [acceso: 20/10/2021];11(1):16144. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8352980/

9. Rogers JP, Watson CJ, Badenoch J,Cross B, Butler M, Song J, et al. Neurology and neuropsychiatry of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the early literature reveals frequent CNS manifestations and key emerging narratives.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2021 [acceso: 25/10/2021]; 92(9):932-41. Disponible en: https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/jnnp/92/9/932.full.pdf

10. Bueno-Notivol J, Gracia-García P, Olaya B, Lasheras I, López-Antón R, Santabárbara J. Prevalence of depression during the COVID-19 outbreak: A meta-analysis of community-based studies. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2021 [acceso: 25/10/2021]; 21(1):100196. Disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7458054/

11. Gómez AG, Robles AFA, Murgas KG, Ramos JC, Arrieta HDR, Florez AFZ. Rehabilitación multidisciplinaria y multiorgánica del paciente post COVID-19. Scientific and Educational Medical Journal. 2021 [acceso: 23/10/2021]; 2(1):185-205.Disponible en: https://www.medicaljournal.com.co/index.php/mj/article/view/40

12. Li Z, Ge J, Yang M, Feng J, Qiao M, Jiang R, et al. Vicarious traumatization in the general public, members, and non-members of medical teams aiding in COVID-19 control. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. 2020; 88:916-919. DOI:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.007

13. Huarcaya-Victoria J. Consideraciones sobre la salud mental en la pandemia de COVID-19. Rev Perú Med Exp Salud Pública. 2020; 37(2):327-334. DOI: 10.17843/rpmesp.2020.372.5419

14. Beck AT. Cognitive therapy: Nature and relation to behavior therapy-republished article. Behaviortherapy. 2016; 47(6):776-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2016.11.003

15. García-Cueto E, Gordón O. Elaboración y análisis de una escala de sugestionabilidad. Psicología Conductual. 1998 [acceso: 25/10/2021]; 6(3):519-31. Disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Eduardo-Garcia-Cueto/publication/242019104_Elaboracion_y_analisis_de_una_escala_de_sugestio-nabilidad/links/0deec52d7fbc136f16000000/Elaboracion-y-analisis-de-una-escala-de-sugestionabilidad.pdf

16. Beck AT. Cognitive therapy: Nature and relation to behavior therapy-republished article. Behaviortherapy. 2016; 47(6):776-84. DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2016.11.003

17. Bellak L. Manual de psicoterapia breve, intensiva y de urgencia. Ed. El Manual Moderno. 2014. [acceso: 14/10/2021]. Disponible en: https://books.google.es/books?hl=es&lr=&id=kbf-CAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT13&dq=Psicoterapia+cognitiva+de+urgencia&ots=pJFiqGy-6h&sig=q-i1y08Ki9BFfiYMLxLyAI5UtUc#v=onepage&q&f=false

18. Duprat. Hipnotismo. Técnicas e indicaciones terapéuticas. Buenos Aires: Editorial Crespillo; 1964.

19. González JAP, González BR, Narvaez CM, Martínez, MC, Ramírez, MIP. La terapia cognitiva-conductual como amortiguadora de los efectos psicológicos negativos del confinamiento por la COVID-19en mujeres embarazadas. Revista Española de Salud Pública. 2021 [acceso: 14/10/2021];95(1):e1-e10.Disponible en: https://www.sanidad.gob.es/biblioPublic/publicaciones/recursos_propios/resp/re-vista_cdrom/VOL95/O_BREVES/RS95C_202103014.pdf

20. Lambert Delgado AR, Cobián Mena AE, Silva Albear Y, Torres Leyva M. Hipnoterapia en gestantes adolescentes con síntomas psíquicos a causa de la pandemia de la COVID-19. Medisan. 2021 [acceso: 14/10/2021]; 25(1):66-80. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1029-30192021000100066

21. Zaldívar-Hernández M, Cobián-Mena A, Lambert A, Reyes-Escalona J, Cobas-Contreras W. Efectividad de la hipnoterapia en pacientes deprimidos. Revista Médica Electrónica. 2021 [acceso: 14/1/2022]; 43(3): [aprox.16pant.]. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1684-18242021000300686

22. Bautista-Díaz ML, Cueto-López CJ, Franco-Paredes K, Moreno Rodríguez D. Intervención para reducir ansiedad, depresión y estrés en universitarios mexicanos durante la pandemia. Rev Cubana Med Milit. 2021 [acceso: 25/10/2021];50(4):02101575. Disponible en: https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/1575

23. Cala MLP. La salud desde la perspectiva de la resiliencia. Archivos de Medicina (Manizales). 2020 [acceso: 25/10/2021];20(1):203-16. DOI: 10.30554/arch-med.20.1.3600.2020

24. González-Ramírez E, Carrillo-Montoya T, García-Vega ML, Hart CE, Zavala-Norzagaray AA, Ley-Quinónez CP. Effectiveness of hypnosis therapy and Gestalt therapy as depression treatments. Clínica y Salud. 2017 [acceso: 14/1/2022];28(1):33-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.clysa.2016.11.001

25. Okamoto A, Dattilio FM, Dobson KS, Kazantzis N. The therapeutic relationship in cognitive-behavioral therapy: Essential features and common challenges. Practice Innovations. 2019 [acceso: 14/1/2022];4(2):112. Disponible: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/pri0000088

26.Yapko MD. Contemplating the obvious: What you focus on, you amplify. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis. 2020 [acceso: 14/1/2022];68(2):144-50. DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2020.1719841

27. Arias MY, Herrero SY, Cabrera HY, Guyat DC, Mederos YG. Manifestaciones psicológicas frente a la situación epidemiológica causada por la COVID-19. Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas. 2020 [acceso: 25/10/2021];19(1): [aprox. 10 pant.]. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1729-519X2020000400012

28. González-Ramírez E, Carrillo-Montoya T, García-Vega ML, Hart CE, Zavala-Norzagaray AA, Ley-Quiñónez CP. Eficacia de la terapia de hipnosis y de la terapia gestáltica como tratamientos de la depresión. Clínica y Salud. 2017 [acceso: 25/10/2021];28(1):33-7. Disponible en: https://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1130-52742017000100005

Downloads

Published

2024-02-21

How to Cite

1.
Aguila Castillo D, Casanova Exposito D, Cepero Rodríguez I, Alonso Cruz Y. Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral psychotherapy under hypnotic state in depressed patients with COVID-19. Rev Cubana Med Milit [Internet]. 2024 Feb. 21 [cited 2025 Mar. 14];53(1):e02403119. Available from: https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/3119

Issue

Vol. 53 No. 1 (2024): January - March

Section

Research Article

License

Authors who have publications with this Journal accept the following terms:

  • The authors will retain their copyright and guarantee the Journal the right of first publication of their work, which will simultaneously be subject to the Creative Commons Attribution License. The content presented here can be shared, copied and redistributed in any medium or format; Can be adapted, remixed, transformed or created from the material, using the following terms: Attribution (giving appropriate credit to the work, providing a link to the license, and indicating if changes have been made); non-commercial (you cannot use the material for commercial purposes) and share-alike (if you remix, transform or create new material from this work, you can distribute your contribution as long as you use the same license as the original work).
  • The authors may adopt other non-exclusive license agreements for the distribution of the published version of the work (for example: depositing it in an institutional electronic archive or publishing it in a monographic volume) as long as the initial publication in this Journal is indicated.
  • Authors are allowed and recommended to disseminate their work through the Internet (e.g., in institutional electronic archives or on their website) before and during the submission process, which can produce interesting exchanges and increase citations. of the published work.