High-intensity functional training: association of body fat with cardiorespiratory fitness
Keywords:
fat percentage, exercise, high intensity, fitness.Abstract
Introduction: The High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT/CrossFit®) is characterized by high-intensity multimodal exercises. Within the research field little has been addressed on this novel modality, it is for them that the need arises to examine the anthropometric and cardiorespiratory characteristics of HIFT/CrossFit® practitioners.Objective: Determine the association between body fat and cardiorespiratory fitness in HIFT/CrossFit practitioners®.
Method: Descriptive study of correlational type with quantitative approach and a sample at the convenience of 8 subjects, 4 men (age 21,75 ± 3,10 years; body mass 83,85 ± 13,98 kg; size 1,79 ± 0,08 m) and 4 women (age 26,00 ± 8,52 years; body mass 62,80 ± 5,99 kg; size 1,65 ± 0,04 m) experienced HIFT/CrossFit® practitioners; all of them volunteer participants who underwent the cardiorespiratory fitness assessment test and anthropometric characteristics assessment; the data from the study were analyzed with the PSPP statistical package, where Spearman's correlation coefficient and normality test (Shapiro-Wilk) were applied.
Results: A negative and significant relationship (p < 0,05) is shown in men (r = -0,94) and women (r = -0,95), although the whole group had greater significance of body fat with cardiorespiratory fitness (r = -0,87; p < 0,01).
Conclusion: Higher percentage of body fat results in lower cardiorespiratory fitness in subjects trained in high-intensity functional training.
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References
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21. Dexheimer JD, Schroeder ET, Sawyer BJ, Pettitt RW, Aguinaldo AL, Torrence WA. Physiological Performance Measures as Indicators of CrossFit® Performance. Sports. 2019 [acceso: 31/07/2020];7(4):[aprox. 13 pant.]. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7040093
22. Martínez-Gómez R, Valenzuela PL, Barranco-Gil D, Moral-González S, García-González A, Lucia A. Full-Squat as a Determinant of Performance in CrossFit. Int J Sports Med. 2019 [acceso: 31/07/2020];40(9):592-6. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0960-9717
23. Schlegel P, Režný L, Fialová D. Pilot study: Performance-ranking relationship analysis in Czech crossfiters. J Hum Sport Exerc. 2020 [acceso: 31/07/2020];16(1) ):[aprox. 12 pant.]. Disponible en: http://hdl.handle.net/10045/102763
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27. Mangine GT, Stratton MT, Almeda CG, Roberts MD, Esmat TA, VanDusseldorp TA, et al. Physiological differences between advanced CrossFit athletes, recreational CrossFit participants, and physically-active adults. PLoS One. 2020 [acceso: 04/08/2020];15(4):[aprox. 21 pant.]. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223548
28. Brisebois M, Rigby B, Nichols D. Physiological and Fitness Adaptations after Eight Weeks of High-Intensity Functional Training in Physically Inactive Adults. Sports. 2018 [acceso: 31/07/2020];6(4):[aprox. 13 pant.]. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6040146
29. Crawford D, Drake N, Carper M, DeBlauw J, Heinrich K. Are Changes in Physical Work Capacity Induced by High-Intensity Functional Training Related to Changes in Associated Physiologic Measures? Sports. 2018 [acceso: 31/07/2020];6(2):[aprox. 10 pant.]. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6020026
30. Notarnicola A, Salatino G, Napoletano P, Monno A, Moretti B, Tafuri S. Does TRX training induce similar effects to crossfit? Study on the variation of body fat mass, endurance and explosive force. Muscle Ligaments Tendons J. 2019 [acceso: 31/07/2020];08(04):520-25. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.32098/mltj.04.2018.10
31. Feito Y, Hoffstetter W, Serafini P, Mangine G. Changes in body composition, bone metabolism, strength, and skill-specific performance resulting from 16-weeks of HIFT. PLoS One. 2018 [acceso: 31/07/2020];13(6):[aprox. 15 pant.]. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198324
2. Feito Y, Burrows EK, Tabb LP. A 4-Year Analysis of the Incidence of Injuries Among CrossFit-Trained Participants. Orthop J Sport Med. 2018 [acceso: 31/07/2020];6(10):[aprox. 08 pant.]. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967118803100
3. Maté-Muñoz JL, Lougedo JH, Barba M, García-Fernández P, Garnacho-Castaño MV, Domínguez R. Muscular fatigue in response to different modalities of CrossFit sessions. PLoS One. 2017 [acceso: 31/07/2020];12(7):[aprox. 17 pant.]. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181855
4. Claudino JG, Gabbett TJ, Bourgeois F, Souza H de S, Miranda RC, Mezêncio B, et al. CrossFit Overview: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sport Med - Open. 2018 [acceso: 31/07/2020];4(1):[aprox. 14 pant.]. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-018-0124-5
5. Crawford D, Drake N, Carper M, DeBlauw J, Heinrich K. Validity, Reliability, and Application of the Session-RPE Method for Quantifying Training Loads during High Intensity Functional Training. Sports. 2018 [acceso: 31/07/2020];6(3):[aprox. 09 pant.]. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6030084
6. Posnakidis G, Aphamis G, Giannaki CD, Mougios V, Aristotelous P, Samoutis G, et al. High-Intensity Functional Training Improves Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Neuromuscular Performance Without Inflammation or Muscle Damage. J Strength Cond Res. 2020 [acceso: 31/07/2020]. En prensa. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000003516
7. Bellar D, Hatchett A, Judge LW, Breaux ME, Marcus L. Herthe relationship of aerobic capacity, anaerobic peak power and experience to performance in CrossFit exercise. Biol Sport. 2015 [acceso: 31/07/2020];32(4):315-20. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.5604/20831862.1174771
8. Elkin JL, Kammerman JS, Kunselman AR, Gallo RA. Likelihood of Injury and Medical Care Between CrossFit and Traditional Weightlifting Participants. Orthop J Sport Med. 2019 [acceso: 31/07/2020];7(5):[aprox. 08 pant.]. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/2325967119843348
9. Sánchez-Alcaraz BJ, Ribes A, Pérez M. Efectos de un Programa de CrossFit en la Composición Corporal de Deportistas Entrenados - G-SE / Editorial Board / Dpto. Contenido. Rev Entren Deport. 2014 [acceso: 31/07/2020];28(3):15-20. Disponible en: https://g-se.com/efectos-de-un-programa-de-crossfit-en-la-composicion-corporal-de-deportistas-entrenados-1737-sa-557cfb27245746
10. Chacao M, Dominski FH, Steclan C, Filho ARF, Petreça DR. Perfil de composição corporal e de somatotipo de praticantes de Crossfit®. RBPFEX - Rev Bras Prescrição e Fisiol do Exerc. 2019 [acceso: 31/07/2020];13(82):212-20. Disponible en: http://www.rbpfex.com.br/index.php/rbpfex/article/view/1661
11. Carreker JD, Grosicki GJ. Physiological Predictors of Performance on the CrossFit "Murph" Challenge. Sports. 2020 [acceso: 31/07/2020];8(7):[aprox. 12 pant.]. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/sports8070092
12. Alvero Cruz JR, Cabañas Armesilla D, Herrero de Lucas A, Martínez Riaza L, Moreno Pascual C, Porta Manzañido J, et al. Protocolo de valoración de la composición corporal para el reconocimiento médico-deportivo. Documento de consenso del grupo español de cineantropometría (GREC) de la federación española de medicina del deporte (FEMEDE). Versión 2010. Arch Med del Deport. 2010 [acceso: 31/07/2020];27(139):330-44. Disponible en: http://archivosdemedicinadeldeporte.com/articulos/upload/Documento-_de_consenso_330_139.pdf
13. Léger LA, Lambert J. A maximal multistage 20-m shuttle run test to predict VO2 max. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1982 [acceso: 31/07/2020];49(1):1-12. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00428958
14. Asociación Médica Mundial. Declaración de Helsinki de la AMM - Principios éticos para las investigaciones médicas en seres humanos. Pamplona: AMM; 2013 [acceso: 31/07/2020]. Disponible en: http://www.redsamid.net/archivos/201606/2013-declaracion-helsinki-brasil.pdf?1
15. Harriss DJ, Atkinson G. Ethical standards in sport and exercise science research: 2014 update·. Int J Sports Med. 2013 [acceso: 31/07/2020];34(12):1025-8. Disponible en: https://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0033-1358756
16. Ministerio de Salud de Colombia. Por la cual se establecen las normas científicas, técnicas y administrativas para la investigación en salud. Bogotá: Ministerio de Salud; 1993[acceso: 31/07/2020]. Disponible en: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/DE/DIJ-/RESOLUCION-8430-DE-1993.PDF
17. Zeitz EK, Cook LF, Dexheimer JD, Lemez S, Leyva WD, Terbio IY, et al. The Relationship between CrossFit ® Performance and Laboratory-Based Measurements of Fitness. Sports. 2020 [acceso: 02/02/2021];8(8):112-24. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/sports8080112
18. Mangine GT, Tankersley JE, McDougle JM, Velazquez N, Roberts MD, Esmat TA, et al. Predictors of CrossFit Open Performance. Sports. 2020 [acceso: 31/07/2020];8(7):[aprox. 16 pant.]. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/sports8070102
19. Tibana RA, Frade De Sousa NM, Cunha GV, Prestes J. Correlação das variáveis antropométricas e fisiológicas com o desempenho no Crossfit®. Rev Bras Prescrição e Fisiol do Exerc. 2017 [acceso: 28/09/2020];11(70):880-7. Disponible en: http://www.rbpfex.com.br/index.php/rbpfex/article/view/1308
20. Feito Y, Giardina MJ, Butcher S, Mangine GT. Repeated anaerobic tests predict performance among a group of advanced crossfit-trained athletes. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2019 [acceso: 31/07/2020];44(7):727-35. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2018-0509
21. Dexheimer JD, Schroeder ET, Sawyer BJ, Pettitt RW, Aguinaldo AL, Torrence WA. Physiological Performance Measures as Indicators of CrossFit® Performance. Sports. 2019 [acceso: 31/07/2020];7(4):[aprox. 13 pant.]. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7040093
22. Martínez-Gómez R, Valenzuela PL, Barranco-Gil D, Moral-González S, García-González A, Lucia A. Full-Squat as a Determinant of Performance in CrossFit. Int J Sports Med. 2019 [acceso: 31/07/2020];40(9):592-6. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0960-9717
23. Schlegel P, Režný L, Fialová D. Pilot study: Performance-ranking relationship analysis in Czech crossfiters. J Hum Sport Exerc. 2020 [acceso: 31/07/2020];16(1) ):[aprox. 12 pant.]. Disponible en: http://hdl.handle.net/10045/102763
24. Martínez-Gómez R, Valenzuela PL, Alejo LB, Gil-Cabrera J, Montalvo-Pérez A, Talavera E, et al. Physiological Predictors of Competition Performance in CrossFit Athletes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 [acceso: 31/07/2020];17(10):[aprox. 12 pant.]. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103699
25. Butcher S, Neyedly T, Horvey K, Benko C. Do physiological measures predict selected CrossFit® benchmark performance? Open Access J Sport Med. 2015 [acceso: 31/07/2020];6:241-247. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.2147/oajsm.s88265
26. Bustos-Viviescas BJ, Rodríguez Acuña LE, Acevedo-Mindiola AA, Lozano Zapata RE. Asociación entre el consumo máximo de oxígeno y el rendimiento del wod karen: un estudio piloto. Rev Con-Ciencias del Deport. 2019 [acceso: 31/07/2020];1(2):57-74. Disponible en: http://unellez.edu.ve/revistas/index.php/rccd/article/view/837
27. Mangine GT, Stratton MT, Almeda CG, Roberts MD, Esmat TA, VanDusseldorp TA, et al. Physiological differences between advanced CrossFit athletes, recreational CrossFit participants, and physically-active adults. PLoS One. 2020 [acceso: 04/08/2020];15(4):[aprox. 21 pant.]. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0223548
28. Brisebois M, Rigby B, Nichols D. Physiological and Fitness Adaptations after Eight Weeks of High-Intensity Functional Training in Physically Inactive Adults. Sports. 2018 [acceso: 31/07/2020];6(4):[aprox. 13 pant.]. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6040146
29. Crawford D, Drake N, Carper M, DeBlauw J, Heinrich K. Are Changes in Physical Work Capacity Induced by High-Intensity Functional Training Related to Changes in Associated Physiologic Measures? Sports. 2018 [acceso: 31/07/2020];6(2):[aprox. 10 pant.]. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6020026
30. Notarnicola A, Salatino G, Napoletano P, Monno A, Moretti B, Tafuri S. Does TRX training induce similar effects to crossfit? Study on the variation of body fat mass, endurance and explosive force. Muscle Ligaments Tendons J. 2019 [acceso: 31/07/2020];08(04):520-25. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.32098/mltj.04.2018.10
31. Feito Y, Hoffstetter W, Serafini P, Mangine G. Changes in body composition, bone metabolism, strength, and skill-specific performance resulting from 16-weeks of HIFT. PLoS One. 2018 [acceso: 31/07/2020];13(6):[aprox. 15 pant.]. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198324
Published
2021-04-01
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Bustos-Viviescas BJ, Duran-Luna LA, Merchan Osorio RD, Ortega Parra AJ, Acevedo-Mindiola AA, Garcia Yerena CE. High-intensity functional training: association of body fat with cardiorespiratory fitness. Rev Cubana Med Milit [Internet]. 2021 Apr. 1 [cited 2025 Apr. 11];50(2):e0210910. Available from: https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/910
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