Benefits of resilience and emotional intelligence interventions in military personnel
Keywords:
emotional intelligence, intervention studies, military science, resilience, systematic review.Abstract
Introduction: Currently, the role of cognitive-emotional skills in the development of resilience has been exposed. Consequently, studies conducted so far indicate that a good level of emotional intelligence has a beneficial influence on psychological and social functioning by improving cognitive, social, emotional and behavioral processes. A systematic review was carried out through 2 searches in different databases, such as PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, Psicodoc and PubMed Central.
Objective: To identify the influence of intervention programs in the promotion of resilience and emotional intelligence in the military.
Development: A total of 472 documents were obtained and, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 5 studies were left for review. The existing relationship between the intervention programs in the development of resilience and emotional intelligence in the personal well-being of the members of the Armed Forces was shown.
Conclusions: Military personnel with higher levels of resilience and emotional intelligence have greater psychological and physical well-being, as well as a greater capacity to adapt and recover more successfully in difficult situations and show better combat readiness. Therefore, it is considered that future intervention studies should take into account the results found in the present work, in order to corroborate these findings.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
1. Jha AP, Zanesco AP, Denkova E, Morrison AB, Ramos N, Chichester K, et al. Bolstering cognitive resilience via train-the-trainer delivery of mindfulness training in applied high-demand settings. Mindfulness (NY). 2020; 11(3):683-97. DOI: 10.1007/s12671-019-01284-7
2. Puell de la Villa F. Modernización de las Fuerzas Armadas durante el reinado de Juan Carlos I. Araucaria. 2021; 23(47):413-3. DOI: 10.12795/araucaria. 2021.i47.18
3. Flood A, Keegan RJ. Cognitive resilience to psychological stress in military personnel. Front Psychol. 2022; 13(1):1-12. DOI: 3389/fpsyg.2022.809003
4. Highhouse S, Doverspike D, Guion RM. Essentials of personnel assessment and selection. 2a ed. Londres, Inglaterra: Routledge; 2015.
5. García-León MA, González-Gómez A, Robles-Ortega H, Padilla JL, Peralta-Ramíerez MI. Propiedades Psicométricas de la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor y Davidson (CD-RISC) en población española. Anales de Psicología. 2019; 35(1):33-40. DOI: 10.6018/analesps.35.1.31411
6. Srivastava S, Misra R, Pathak D, Sharma P. Boosting job satisfaction through emotional intelligence: A study on health care professionals. J Health Manag. 2021; 23(3):414-24. DOI: 10.1177/09720634211035213
7. Hernández E, García M. Benefits of PsyCap Training on the Wellbeing in Military Personnel. Psicothema. 2021; 33(4):536-43. DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2021.151
8. Taylor CL, Ivcevic Z, Moeller J, Menges JI, Reiter-Palmon R, Brackett MA. Gender and emotions at work: Organizational rank has greater emotional benefits for men than women. Sex Roles. 2022; 86(1-2):127-42. DOI: 10.1007/s11199021-01256-z
9. Steenkamp MM, Nash WP, Litz BT. Post-traumatic stress disorder: review of the Comprehensive Soldier Fitness program. Am J Prev Med. 2013; 44(5):507-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.01.013
10. Vives MP, Arango I, Contreras DC. Paradigmas y experiencias de aprendizaje en la educación militar. Una respuesta a los desafíos de la educación contemporánea. Colombia: Contreras EDC, editor. Miles Doctus; 2021. [acceso: 20/09/2022]. Disponible en: https://librosesmic.com/index.php/editorial/catalog/book/78
11. Naifeh JA, Mash HBH, Stein MB, Vance MC, Aliaga PA, Fullerton CS, et al. Sex differences in US Army suicide attempts during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Med Care. 2021; 59(1):S42-50. DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000001425
12. Jaramillo-Moreno RA. Resiliencia familiar, comprensión, campos de aplicación, aportes y desafíos. Diversitas. 2018; 13(2):255-66. DOI: 10.15332/s1794-9998.2017.0002.09
13. Gouweloos-Trines J, Te Brake H, Sijbrandij M, Boelen PA, Brewin CR, Kleber RJ. A longitudinal evaluation of active outreach after an aeroplane crash: screening for post-traumatic stress disorder and depression and assessment of self-reported treatment needs. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2019; 10(1):1554406. DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2018.1554406
14. Alvarán SM, Bedoya S, Henao C, Velásquez JC, Grisales-Romero H. Efecto de una intervención en resiliencia sobre el optimismo disposicional en soldados regulares de un batallón en Colombia. Pensando Psicología. 2020; 16(2):1-22. DOI: 10.16925/2382-3984.2020.02.05
15. Trachik B, Oakey-Frost N, Ganulin ML, Adler AB, Dretsch MN, Cabrera OA, et al. Military suicide prevention: The importance of leadership behaviors as an upstream suicide prevention target. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2021; 51(2):316-24. DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12707
16. Soriano-Sánchez J, Vázquez D. A systematic review of the use of ICT and emotional intelligence on motivation and academic performance. Technological Innovations Journal. 2022; 1(3):7-27. DOI: 10.35622/j.ti.2022.03.001
17. Azilah NL, Devi I, Zainal N. The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence (EI) and the Malaysian University English Test (MUET) Performance among Technical Students. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research. 2020; 19(7):280-97. DOI: 10.26803/ijlter.19.7.16
18. Goleman D. Liderazgo. El poder de la inteligencia emocional. Madrid: De Bolsillo; 2014.
19. Casino-García AM, Llopis-Bueno MJ, Llinares-Insa LI. Emotional intelligence profiles and self-esteem/self-concept: An analysis of relationships in gifted students. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18(3):1006. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031006
20. Cortellazzo L, Bonesso S, Gerli F, Pizzi C. Experiences that matter: Unraveling the link between extracurricular activities and emotional and social competencies. Front Psychol. 2021; 12(1):659526. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.659526
21. Wyman PA, Pisani AR, Brown CH, Yates B, Morgan-DeVelder L, Schmeelk-Cone K, et al. Effect of the Wingman-Connect upstream suicide prevention program for Air Force personnel in training: A cluster randomized clinical trial: A cluster randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2020; 3(10):e2022532. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.22532
22. Amador-Licona N, Guízar JM, Briceño I, Rodríguez BA, Villegas LM. Inteligencia emocional y motivación académica en estudiantes de nivel medio superior con adecuado promedio académico. Nova Scentia. 2021; 12(24):1-14. DOI: 10.21640/ns.v12i24.2251
23. Cañas DC, Hernández J. Comunicación asertiva en profesores: diagnóstico y propuesta educativa. Prax Saber. 2019; 10(24):143-65. DOI: 10.19053/22160159.v10.n25.2019.8936
24. McBride D, Samaranayaka A, Richardson A, Gardner D, Shepherd D, Wyeth E, et al. Factors associated with self-reported health among New Zealand military veterans: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2022; 12(5):e056916. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056916
25. Sánchez-Sandoval Y, Jiménez-Luque N, Melero S. Calidad de Vida y Salud Mental en Adultos Adoptados. Clin Salud. 2021; 32(3):139-46. DOI: 10.5093/clysa2021a20
26. White A, Zapata I, Lenz A, Ryznar R, Nevins N, Hoang TN, et al. Medical students immersed in a hyper-realistic surgical training environment leads to improved measures of emotional resiliency by both Hardiness and Emotional Intelligence evaluation. Front Psychol. 2020; 11:569035. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.569035
27. Andrei F, Mancini G, Agostini F, Epifanio MS, Piombo MA, Riolo M, et al. Quality of life and job loss during the COVID-19 pandemic: Mediation by hopelessness and moderation by trait emotional intelligence. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(5):2756. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052756
28. Lima D, Spahi J, Shala V. The Management of Emotional Intelligence in The Workplace Impact on Improving Employee Performance. Quality. 2022; 23(188):297-301. DOI: 10.47750/Qas/23.188.40
29. Tsirigotis K, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland. Emotional intelligence, indirect self-destructiveness and gender. Psychiatr Psychol Klin. 2021; 21(3):219-25. DOI: 10.15557/PiPK.2021.0024
30. Soriano-Sánchez JG, Sastre-Riba S. Predictores asociados al consumo de tabaco en adolescentes: una revisión sistemática. Retos. 2022; 46:1065-74. DOI: 10.47197/retos.v46.93114
31. Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev. 2015; 4(1):1. DOI: 10.1186/2046-4053-4-1
32. Meyer VM. Sport psychology for the soldier athlete: A paradigm shift. Mil Med. 2018; 183(7-8):e270-7. DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usx087
33. Youssef NA, Green KT, Dedert EA, Hertzberg JS, Calhoun PS, Dennis MF. Exploración de la influencia del trauma infantil, la exposición al combate y la construcción de resiliencia sobre la depresión y la ideación suicida entre el personal militar y los veteranos de la era de Irak / Afganistán de los Estados Unidos. y Beckham JC, editor. Official Journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research. 2022; 17(2):106-22. DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2013.776445
34. Cui Y, Zhang X, Liu N, Liu Q, Zhang L, Zhang Y. A correlation study of military psychological stress, optimistic intelligence quotient, and emotion regulation of Chinese naval soldiers. Soc Behav Pers. 2022; 50(5):1-14. DOI: 10.2224/sbp.11485
35. Sheerin CM, Stratton KJ, Amstadter AB, The VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Education, Clinical Center (MIRECC), McDonald SD. Exploring resilience models in a sample of combat-exposed military service members and veterans: a comparison and commentary. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 2018; 9(1):1486121. DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2018.1486121
36. Mcgaw VE, Reupert AE. Do Not Talk About That Stuff": Experiences of Australian Youth Living With a Veteran Parent With PTSD. Traumatology. 2022; 28(1):24-30. DOI: 10.1037/trm0000317
37. Murphy S, Elklit A, Dokkedahl S, Shevlin M. Testing competing factor models of the latent structure of post-traumatic stress disorder and complex post-traumatic stress disorder according to ICD-11. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 2018;9(1):1457393. DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2018.1457393
38. Rizzo A "skip", Shilling R. Clinical Virtual Reality tools to advance the prevention, assessment, and treatment of PTSD. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2017; 8(5):1414560. DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2017.1414560
39. Gharetepeh A, Safari Y, Pashaei T, Razaei M, Bagher Kajbaf M. Emotional intelligence as a predictor of self-efficacy among students with different levels of academic achievement at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. J Adv Med Educ Prof. 2015; 3(2):50-5 [acceso: 20/09/2022]. Disponible en: https://https.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4403564/
40. Corrales-Reyes IE, Villegas-Maestre JD, Carranza-Esteban RF, Mamani-Benito OJ. Depresión, ansiedad y estrés en estudiantes cubanos de Estomatología durante el rebrote de la COVID-19. Revista Cubana de Medicina Militar. 2022; 51(1): E02201720 [acceso: 26/08/2022]. Disponible en: http://www.revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/1720/1227
2. Puell de la Villa F. Modernización de las Fuerzas Armadas durante el reinado de Juan Carlos I. Araucaria. 2021; 23(47):413-3. DOI: 10.12795/araucaria. 2021.i47.18
3. Flood A, Keegan RJ. Cognitive resilience to psychological stress in military personnel. Front Psychol. 2022; 13(1):1-12. DOI: 3389/fpsyg.2022.809003
4. Highhouse S, Doverspike D, Guion RM. Essentials of personnel assessment and selection. 2a ed. Londres, Inglaterra: Routledge; 2015.
5. García-León MA, González-Gómez A, Robles-Ortega H, Padilla JL, Peralta-Ramíerez MI. Propiedades Psicométricas de la Escala de Resiliencia de Connor y Davidson (CD-RISC) en población española. Anales de Psicología. 2019; 35(1):33-40. DOI: 10.6018/analesps.35.1.31411
6. Srivastava S, Misra R, Pathak D, Sharma P. Boosting job satisfaction through emotional intelligence: A study on health care professionals. J Health Manag. 2021; 23(3):414-24. DOI: 10.1177/09720634211035213
7. Hernández E, García M. Benefits of PsyCap Training on the Wellbeing in Military Personnel. Psicothema. 2021; 33(4):536-43. DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2021.151
8. Taylor CL, Ivcevic Z, Moeller J, Menges JI, Reiter-Palmon R, Brackett MA. Gender and emotions at work: Organizational rank has greater emotional benefits for men than women. Sex Roles. 2022; 86(1-2):127-42. DOI: 10.1007/s11199021-01256-z
9. Steenkamp MM, Nash WP, Litz BT. Post-traumatic stress disorder: review of the Comprehensive Soldier Fitness program. Am J Prev Med. 2013; 44(5):507-12. DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.01.013
10. Vives MP, Arango I, Contreras DC. Paradigmas y experiencias de aprendizaje en la educación militar. Una respuesta a los desafíos de la educación contemporánea. Colombia: Contreras EDC, editor. Miles Doctus; 2021. [acceso: 20/09/2022]. Disponible en: https://librosesmic.com/index.php/editorial/catalog/book/78
11. Naifeh JA, Mash HBH, Stein MB, Vance MC, Aliaga PA, Fullerton CS, et al. Sex differences in US Army suicide attempts during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Med Care. 2021; 59(1):S42-50. DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000001425
12. Jaramillo-Moreno RA. Resiliencia familiar, comprensión, campos de aplicación, aportes y desafíos. Diversitas. 2018; 13(2):255-66. DOI: 10.15332/s1794-9998.2017.0002.09
13. Gouweloos-Trines J, Te Brake H, Sijbrandij M, Boelen PA, Brewin CR, Kleber RJ. A longitudinal evaluation of active outreach after an aeroplane crash: screening for post-traumatic stress disorder and depression and assessment of self-reported treatment needs. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2019; 10(1):1554406. DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2018.1554406
14. Alvarán SM, Bedoya S, Henao C, Velásquez JC, Grisales-Romero H. Efecto de una intervención en resiliencia sobre el optimismo disposicional en soldados regulares de un batallón en Colombia. Pensando Psicología. 2020; 16(2):1-22. DOI: 10.16925/2382-3984.2020.02.05
15. Trachik B, Oakey-Frost N, Ganulin ML, Adler AB, Dretsch MN, Cabrera OA, et al. Military suicide prevention: The importance of leadership behaviors as an upstream suicide prevention target. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2021; 51(2):316-24. DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12707
16. Soriano-Sánchez J, Vázquez D. A systematic review of the use of ICT and emotional intelligence on motivation and academic performance. Technological Innovations Journal. 2022; 1(3):7-27. DOI: 10.35622/j.ti.2022.03.001
17. Azilah NL, Devi I, Zainal N. The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence (EI) and the Malaysian University English Test (MUET) Performance among Technical Students. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research. 2020; 19(7):280-97. DOI: 10.26803/ijlter.19.7.16
18. Goleman D. Liderazgo. El poder de la inteligencia emocional. Madrid: De Bolsillo; 2014.
19. Casino-García AM, Llopis-Bueno MJ, Llinares-Insa LI. Emotional intelligence profiles and self-esteem/self-concept: An analysis of relationships in gifted students. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18(3):1006. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031006
20. Cortellazzo L, Bonesso S, Gerli F, Pizzi C. Experiences that matter: Unraveling the link between extracurricular activities and emotional and social competencies. Front Psychol. 2021; 12(1):659526. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.659526
21. Wyman PA, Pisani AR, Brown CH, Yates B, Morgan-DeVelder L, Schmeelk-Cone K, et al. Effect of the Wingman-Connect upstream suicide prevention program for Air Force personnel in training: A cluster randomized clinical trial: A cluster randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2020; 3(10):e2022532. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.22532
22. Amador-Licona N, Guízar JM, Briceño I, Rodríguez BA, Villegas LM. Inteligencia emocional y motivación académica en estudiantes de nivel medio superior con adecuado promedio académico. Nova Scentia. 2021; 12(24):1-14. DOI: 10.21640/ns.v12i24.2251
23. Cañas DC, Hernández J. Comunicación asertiva en profesores: diagnóstico y propuesta educativa. Prax Saber. 2019; 10(24):143-65. DOI: 10.19053/22160159.v10.n25.2019.8936
24. McBride D, Samaranayaka A, Richardson A, Gardner D, Shepherd D, Wyeth E, et al. Factors associated with self-reported health among New Zealand military veterans: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2022; 12(5):e056916. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056916
25. Sánchez-Sandoval Y, Jiménez-Luque N, Melero S. Calidad de Vida y Salud Mental en Adultos Adoptados. Clin Salud. 2021; 32(3):139-46. DOI: 10.5093/clysa2021a20
26. White A, Zapata I, Lenz A, Ryznar R, Nevins N, Hoang TN, et al. Medical students immersed in a hyper-realistic surgical training environment leads to improved measures of emotional resiliency by both Hardiness and Emotional Intelligence evaluation. Front Psychol. 2020; 11:569035. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.569035
27. Andrei F, Mancini G, Agostini F, Epifanio MS, Piombo MA, Riolo M, et al. Quality of life and job loss during the COVID-19 pandemic: Mediation by hopelessness and moderation by trait emotional intelligence. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(5):2756. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052756
28. Lima D, Spahi J, Shala V. The Management of Emotional Intelligence in The Workplace Impact on Improving Employee Performance. Quality. 2022; 23(188):297-301. DOI: 10.47750/Qas/23.188.40
29. Tsirigotis K, Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, Kielce, Poland. Emotional intelligence, indirect self-destructiveness and gender. Psychiatr Psychol Klin. 2021; 21(3):219-25. DOI: 10.15557/PiPK.2021.0024
30. Soriano-Sánchez JG, Sastre-Riba S. Predictores asociados al consumo de tabaco en adolescentes: una revisión sistemática. Retos. 2022; 46:1065-74. DOI: 10.47197/retos.v46.93114
31. Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, Ghersi D, Liberati A, Petticrew M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Rev. 2015; 4(1):1. DOI: 10.1186/2046-4053-4-1
32. Meyer VM. Sport psychology for the soldier athlete: A paradigm shift. Mil Med. 2018; 183(7-8):e270-7. DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usx087
33. Youssef NA, Green KT, Dedert EA, Hertzberg JS, Calhoun PS, Dennis MF. Exploración de la influencia del trauma infantil, la exposición al combate y la construcción de resiliencia sobre la depresión y la ideación suicida entre el personal militar y los veteranos de la era de Irak / Afganistán de los Estados Unidos. y Beckham JC, editor. Official Journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research. 2022; 17(2):106-22. DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2013.776445
34. Cui Y, Zhang X, Liu N, Liu Q, Zhang L, Zhang Y. A correlation study of military psychological stress, optimistic intelligence quotient, and emotion regulation of Chinese naval soldiers. Soc Behav Pers. 2022; 50(5):1-14. DOI: 10.2224/sbp.11485
35. Sheerin CM, Stratton KJ, Amstadter AB, The VA Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Education, Clinical Center (MIRECC), McDonald SD. Exploring resilience models in a sample of combat-exposed military service members and veterans: a comparison and commentary. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 2018; 9(1):1486121. DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2018.1486121
36. Mcgaw VE, Reupert AE. Do Not Talk About That Stuff": Experiences of Australian Youth Living With a Veteran Parent With PTSD. Traumatology. 2022; 28(1):24-30. DOI: 10.1037/trm0000317
37. Murphy S, Elklit A, Dokkedahl S, Shevlin M. Testing competing factor models of the latent structure of post-traumatic stress disorder and complex post-traumatic stress disorder according to ICD-11. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 2018;9(1):1457393. DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2018.1457393
38. Rizzo A "skip", Shilling R. Clinical Virtual Reality tools to advance the prevention, assessment, and treatment of PTSD. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2017; 8(5):1414560. DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2017.1414560
39. Gharetepeh A, Safari Y, Pashaei T, Razaei M, Bagher Kajbaf M. Emotional intelligence as a predictor of self-efficacy among students with different levels of academic achievement at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. J Adv Med Educ Prof. 2015; 3(2):50-5 [acceso: 20/09/2022]. Disponible en: https://https.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4403564/
40. Corrales-Reyes IE, Villegas-Maestre JD, Carranza-Esteban RF, Mamani-Benito OJ. Depresión, ansiedad y estrés en estudiantes cubanos de Estomatología durante el rebrote de la COVID-19. Revista Cubana de Medicina Militar. 2022; 51(1): E02201720 [acceso: 26/08/2022]. Disponible en: http://www.revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/1720/1227
Published
2023-03-01
How to Cite
1.
Soriano Sánchez JG. Benefits of resilience and emotional intelligence interventions in military personnel. Rev Cubana Med Milit [Internet]. 2023 Mar. 1 [cited 2025 Apr. 12];52(2):e02302466. Available from: https://revmedmilitar.sld.cu/index.php/mil/article/view/2466
Issue
Section
Review Article
License
Authors who have publications with this Journal accept the following terms:
- The authors will retain their copyright and guarantee the Journal the right of first publication of their work, which will simultaneously be subject to the Creative Commons Attribution License. The content presented here can be shared, copied and redistributed in any medium or format; Can be adapted, remixed, transformed or created from the material, using the following terms: Attribution (giving appropriate credit to the work, providing a link to the license, and indicating if changes have been made); non-commercial (you cannot use the material for commercial purposes) and share-alike (if you remix, transform or create new material from this work, you can distribute your contribution as long as you use the same license as the original work).
- The authors may adopt other non-exclusive license agreements for the distribution of the published version of the work (for example: depositing it in an institutional electronic archive or publishing it in a monographic volume) as long as the initial publication in this Journal is indicated.
- Authors are allowed and recommended to disseminate their work through the Internet (e.g., in institutional electronic archives or on their website) before and during the submission process, which can produce interesting exchanges and increase citations. of the published work.
