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Viruela símica (mpox), una enfermedad reemergente
Resumen
Objetivo: Describir aspectos relacionados con la biología, la epidemiología, el diagnóstico, las complicaciones y el tratamiento de la viruela símica.
Desarrollo: El virus de la viruela del mono forma parte de la familia Poxviridae y especie Monkeypox. El contacto directo o indirecto con animales genera su transmisión, puede ser por mordeduras y arañazos, es decir, el virus entra por piel no intacta. También se ha informado la transmisión por contacto estrecho con humanos infectados. La erupción cutánea es signo predominante de esta infección; se presenta en forma de lesiones bien delimitadas y circunscritas, profundas con umbilicación central que progresan por una serie de etapas que van desde máculas, pápulas, vesículas hasta terminar en pústulas.
Conclusiones: La viruela símica es una enfermedad endémica de África central y del oeste africano; sin embargo, en 2022 se han descrito brotes en diferentes partes del mundo. Los pacientes afectados reportan contagio por contacto estrecho. Se recomienda la confirmación de los casos mediante pruebas moleculares de laboratorio. La vacunación contra la viruela presenta una protección cruzada contra la viruela símica. Su administración puede modificar y prevenir la enfermedad clínica.
Palabras clave
Referencias
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